Jamshid Behin

  In urban environments, people's initial encounter with a building is through its facade. Given the importance of the relationship between nature and human life, as well as the spread of apartment living in cities and the problems related to the lack or absence of green space in these houses, the gap in using nature and greenery in apartment houses and this part of architecture is palpable. The facade is not simply the outer shell or wall of the building, but rather an interstitial space that defines the connection between the inside and outside of the building and has a great impact on the formation of people's relationships with existing buildings in the city. Greenery in the facade is a living element that, if mixed with architecture, can affect people's perception of their surroundings as a biophilic feature. The feeling that a person has in the initial encounter with a residential apartment, in the identity of the building as a home and distinguishes the house from other uses, is a topic that has been addressed in this thesis; Therefore, this thesis sought to answer the question of how greenery in the facade affects the audience's perception of the building as a residential building (house). The main goal of this thesis is to design a residential apartment in Kermanshah city with an emphasis on the types of greenery in the facade on the audience's feeling of facing the house. One of the secondary goals of this thesis was to pay attention to nature and greenery, as a living element, in the facade of the house and the audience's understanding of one building being a house and the other being a place and how this greenery is placed on the facade and its effect on the encounter with the house in individuals. In this thesis, the necessity of this issue is raised and addressed, and it is addressed that nature enters the living space of individuals through the residential facade and improves the quality of life of the residents of apartment buildings and citizens, and also the effect of the presence of greenery in the residential facade as the initial encounter of individuals with a residential building on the audience's feeling of facing the house is examined. Most previous research in the field of green facades has addressed the issue of energy and its effects on the environment. In this thesis, an attempt has been made to consider the issue of green facades with a focus on greenery and its impact on human perception in residential and urban environments and to examine people's feelings in the feeling of facing the house. The research strategy in this thesis is relational correlation; in the correlation strategy, the relationship between two variables, namely greenery in the facade as an independent variable and the feeling of facing the house as a dependent variable, has been examined using interview tools and a visual questionnaire. The results obtained from the data analysis, which was carried out with    software, indicate the existence of a significant relationship between greenery in the facade and the feeling of facing the house in people. In response to the research questions, the results show that a high level of greenery in the facade creates a greater sense of home in people. Also, the best way to use greenery on the facade, according to the audience in residential apartments, was horizontal greenery (greenery on terraces, window sills, etc.), greenery in the yard and entrance to the house, vertical greenery (the body and walls of the building), and greenery on the roof edge, in order of priority.

Concrete, as the most widely used construction material, is constantly exposed to aggressive environmental factors that reduce its durability and mechanical performance. Among these factors, sulfate attack and calcium leaching are considered the most critical deterioration mechanisms, simultaneously inducing chemical and mechanical weaknesses in concrete. This research was conducted to evaluate the mechanical behavior and durability of concrete under the combined effect of magnesium sulfate and ammonium nitrate solutions. For this purpose, standard concrete specimens were exposed to the aggressive environment for two durations (0 and 30 days) and subsequently assessed through mechanical, physical, and microstructural tests. The mechanical tests revealed that compressive strength decreased by 37.7%, from 28.95 MPa to 18.04 MPa, within 30 days. Moreover, tensile strength and fracture parameters, including fracture energy and fracture toughness, exhibited significant reductions in both notch geometries (0.1 and 0.5), indicating increased brittleness of the cementitious matrix. Physical tests further showed longitudinal and volumetric expansions caused by the formation of expansive phases such as ettringite and gypsum, which accelerated deterioration through microcracking. In contrast, weight change was minimal, suggesting that the dominant processes were related to structural and chemical alterations rather than mass gain. Microstructural analyses using SEM and EDS confirmed a notable reduction in calcium content and a decline in the Ca/Si ratio in 30-day specimens. These findings indicated the weakening of the C–S–H phase and increased porosity, which were directly correlated with strength loss and higher brittleness. Overall, the results demonstrate that the combined sulfate–nitrate environment can cause severe deterioration of the mechanical properties and durability of concrete even within a short exposure period of one month. From a practical perspective, these outcomes highlight the necessity of employing low-permeability mix designs, pozzolanic materials, and protective coatings in similar structures. Furthermore, the experimental data can serve as a basis for developing standards and design strategies aimed at extending the service life and reducing the maintenance costs of concrete structures.

  One of the major challenges in photovoltaic (PV) panels

   Abstract Oxidative desulfurization (ODS) is a promising method for replacing the traditional hydrogenation desulfurization process. High selectivity in removing refractory organic sulfur compounds, low cost, and milder operating conditions are the most important advantages of this desulfurization method, which has attracted the attention of many researchers in recent decades. In this research, a 3%Mn-15%MoO3/?-Al2O3 bimetallic catalyst along with H2O2 as an oxidizing agent and DMF as a solvent were used to remove organic sulfur compounds by oxidative desulfurization. For this purpose, the mesoporous 3%Mn-15%MoO3/?-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized using the wetness impregnation method. The synthesized catalyst was characterized using XRD, FTIR, FESEM, EDS-MAPP, and BET tests, showing that the catalyst with 15%Wt MoO3 (as the active metal) and 3%Wt Mn (as the promoter metal) exhibited the best performance for oxidative desulfurization. Subsequently, the operating conditions were optimized using Design Expert 11 software and the CCD(central composite design) method to achieve the highest desulfurization efficiency. The highest desulfurization efficiency was achieved at an O/S molar ratio of 3.4, a catalyst loading of 1.1 grams for 3%Mn-15%MoO3/?-Al2O3, a reaction temperature of 60.2°C, and a reaction time of 30 minutes. Additionally, under these optimized conditions, the ODS process was performed on sour gas oil and fuel oil cuts produced by the Lavan oil refinery, resulting in desulfurization efficiencies of 58% and 44%, respectively. These efficiencies were expected due to the higher concentration and complexity of sulfur compounds present in these cuts. Finally, the 3%Mn-15%MoO3/ ?-Al2O3 catalyst underwent five regeneration cycles, and the results demonstrated that the catalyst maintained its activity well and can be reused after five regeneration cycles.    Keywords: desulfurization, Oxidative desulfurization, Bimetallic Catalyst, Wetness Impregnation,   Modeling And Optimization.   

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Lithium-ion batteries have a high energy density, but heat production due to electrochemical reactions and the internal resistance of the batteries increases their temperature. Battery thermal management system plays an important role in maintaining the performance of lithium-ion batteries. Phase change materials (PCM) are widely used in battery thermal management systems due to their low energy consumption, high temperature uniformity, and affordable price, but the low thermal conductivity of PCMs has made their use a challenge. One of the ways to increase the thermal conductivity of PCMs is to insert carbon-based materials such as carbon nanotubes and graphene in PCMs. Due to their high thermal conductivity, these materials lead to strengthening the heat transfer of PCMs.Carbon quantum dots are one of the carbon-based materials that are in the nano-size range and have features such as high surface area to volume, excellent electrochemical activity and the ability to precisely adjust the electrical structure. Therefore, in the present study, a heat management system based on PCM reinforced with carbon quantum dots was presented. The phase change agent consisting of beeswax and coconut oil with different weight ratios was prepared and their physicochemical properties were investigated. Carbon quantum dots were also synthesized by hydrothermal and heating methods using citric acid carbon source and their physicochemical properties were investigated using different methods. Physical and chemical characterization of carbon quantum dots was performed using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques.Then, the effect of PCMs reinforced with quantum dot carbon on lowering the battery temperature was investigated. The results showed that the addition of quantum dot carbon to PCM leads to a decrease in temperature in the optimal range of battery performance (less than 40 ?C)  

  سيستم هاي ميكروالكترومكانيكي يا به اختصار ممز[1]) (MEMS، كارايي قابل توجهي در فركانس هاي مايكروويوو راديويي (RF) دارند . اين تكنولوژي كاربردهاي MEMS (سيستم هاي ميكرو الكترومكانيكي) را به خصوص در سيستم هاي مخابراتي بيسيم و ماهواره نشان مي دهد. در واقع سوييچ هاي ممز   RF، ميكروماشين هاي سطحي هستندكه از حركت مكانيكي براي ايجاد يك"اتصال كوتاه" يا " مدار باز " در خط انتقال RF استفاده مي كنند .اين سوييچ ها با استفاده از روش هاي ميكروالكترومكانيكي و با اتصال الكتريكي–فلزي و با استفاده از فواصل هوايي ساخته مي شو ند . در طراحي و ساخت سوييچ هاي ممز، دو نوع اتصال مختلف وجود دارد. اين اتصال شامل پيكربندي خازني (يا شنت) و نوع فلز به فلز (يا سري) مي باشد .در سوييچ هاي خازني به دليل وجود لايه دي الكتريك بين خط انتقال و پل ، چه در حالت بالا(مدار باز) و چه در حالت پايين(مدار بسته) بين پل و خط انتقال هيچ اتصالي وجود نخواهد داشت . به دليل وجود اين فاصله سوييچ در حالت بالا و در حالت پايين مانند يك خازن عمل مي كند كه با افزايش نسبت خازني ، سوييچ عملكرد فركانس بالاي بهتري خواهد داشت. در روش پيشنهادي يك سوييچ خازني با يك لايه پلي سيليكان و يك دي الكتريك از جنس هوا و مواد ديگر كه بر بستري از سيليكان و يا خطوط CPW قرار ميگيرند ، بررسي مي شود و سعي ميشود ولتاژ تحريك سوييچ را كاهش داد چرا كه يكي از مهم ترين پارامتر ها در طراحي و ساخت سوييچ هاي ممز، ولتاژ تحريك مي باشد كه در واقع پايين ترين ولتاژي است كه با اعمال آن به مدار، سوييچ در حالت روشن قرار ميگيرد و اساسا كوچك بودن اين مقدار ولتاژ براي ما مطلوب است اما از آنجاكه اين پارامتر با پارامتر زمان سوييچينگ نسبت عكس دارد، نميتوان آن را به ميزان زياد كاهش داد. لذا با روش هاي ديگري مانند كاهش يا افزايش فواصل هوايي و تغيير جنس ماده ي دي الكتريك ، به بهبود پارامترهاي مهم سوييچ ، مانند زمان سوييچينگ و عملكرد فركانس بالا مي پردازيم

  Vibrationenergy harvesting is an ideal source of renewable energy, in this thesis a newmicro-electromagnetic harvesting mechanism for low-power applications isintroduced that can be used at a vibration frequency of less than 11 Hz, whichis used for motion harvesting. Fits humans, moving vehicles, and structuressuch as buildings, bridges, and streets. The energy harvesting mechanismresulting from the moving electromagnetic field (magnet) in the vicinity of afixed coil made of material (copper) induces a current in the coil, examples ofdifferent energy harvesting geometries to achieve the best and lowest frequencyand harvesting performance The energy generator is specified in terms ofdimensions, output power, stable sinusoidal voltage. As far as the builtprototypes showed the ability to harvest energy at low frequencies in the rangeof 2 to 10 Hz, with a voltage between 330 and 800 mV, and an output power of upto 2800 µW.

  synthesis of supported Monolith with Honeycomb method and Characterize Structural investigation

Abstract

   Due to the presence of impurities in liquid toluene as a feed for industrial units, these units witness a significant drop in the quality of their products. The mono- and multi-component adsorption of organic impurities from toluene, as an organic phase, was carried out using granular activated carbon (GAC). Ethylcyclopentane (ECP), Methylbenzothiophene (MBT) and Xylene (XYL) were considered as the main components of synthetic solution representative the non-aromatic, sulfur, and aromatic impurity groups in real feed-stock, respectively. Continuous experiments on a packed column under the different bed height (60-120 cm), liquid flow rate (1-3 L/min) and adsorbate initial concentration (200-400 mg/L) were evaluated on breakthrough curves. Breakthrough curves are considered as basic tools in the design and construction of surface adsorption system on an industrial scale. Also, the performance and efficiency of adsorption to remove pollutants and impurities from the flow in a fixed-bed column is usually evaluated by Breakthrough curves. The GAC successfully adsorbates ECP, MBT and XYL from toluene. Among the various breakthrough models available in literature, the Thomas model had a well correlation (R2 >0.93) with all three adsorbates. As well as, the results showed that increasing the depth of the adsorbent improved the removal of ECP, MBT and XYL, while increasing the flow rate and the concentration of adsorbates reduced the removal of ECP, MBT and XYL. Experimental results in mono- and multi-component systems reveal the order of these compounds in term of adsorption affinity onto GAC as MBT > ECP > XYL. Besides, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulation model was developed to simulate and analyze the adsorbates concentration inside of the adsorption column. The simulated breakthrough curve had a good reproducibility with experimental data (R2 >0.97). In addition, the CFD model shows a high mass transfer zone and a slow adsorption rate in all tests of adsorbates adsorption; as well as, the mass transfer zone grew as the bed height increased.

  هدف،

A heat exchanger is a tool for heat transferring between two fluids with temperature difference, and it is important when we can achieve a lower operating cost and a smaller exchanger size. The concept of miniaturization of the exchanger has required researchers to study microchannels as heat exchangers. Micro exchangers, compared to conventional exchangers, have different performance in heat transfer due to structural differences and other differences. In this research, a flat microchannel with a rectangular cross-section is used to investigate the heat transfer, which has four inlet flows, including two lateral sheath flows (to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing) and also two middle sheath flows. The phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing in this microchannel has led to direct the materials into a flow and by removing the contact between the walls of the device and the reactive flow, it creates a uniform flow. Also, an FRR parameter is defined in this microchannel, which indicates the ratio of the total rate of lateral sheath flows to the total rate of middle sheath flows. The performance of heat transfer in this microchannel is studied by checking different parameters in the inlet flows. For this purpose, we use an immiscible fluid (oil) for lateral sheath flows and (ice water) for middle sheath flows. Therefore, we have two separable phases at the output, and this is a valuable point in using this microchannel. The results showed that in order to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic concentration, in addition to using different inlet flow rate ratios according to the characteristic dimensions of the flat micro heat exchanger equipped with side sheath flows, the Reynolds number was placed in the range of laminar flow. It also showed a good agreement. The simulations were based on the experimental data obtained from the experiment. In general, the results of the study of heat transfer in a flat microchannel equipped with side sheath flows showed that with an increase in the key parameter defined as FRR in this type of microchannel and an increase in the oil volume flow ratio, the temperature increases, which leads to an increase in the coefficient Heat transfer and increasing the dimensionless number of Nu. A heat exchanger is a tool for heat transferring between two fluids with temperature difference, and it is important when we can achieve a lower operating cost and a smaller exchanger size. The concept of miniaturization of the exchanger has required researchers to study microchannels as heat exchangers. Micro exchangers, compared to conventional exchangers, have different performance in heat transfer due to structural differences and other differences. In this research, a flat microchannel with a rectangular cross-section is used to investigate the heat transfer, which has four inlet flows, including two lateral sheath flows (to establish the phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing) and also two middle sheath flows. The phenomenon of hydrodynamic focusing in this microchannel has led to direct the materials into a flow and by removing the contact between the walls of the device and the reactive flow, it creates a uniform flow. Also, an FRR parameter is defined in this microchannel, which indicates the ratio of the total rate of lateral sheath flows to the total rate of middle sheath flows. The performance of heat transfer in this microchannel is studied by checking different parameters in the inlet flows. For this purpose, we use an immiscible fluid (oil) for lateral sheath flows and (ice water) for middle sheath flows. Therefore, we have two separable phases at the output, and this is a valuable point in using this microchannel.

پيشرفت روزافزون فنّاوري در عرصه‌هاي مختلف علوم و تأثير آن بر زندگي انسان امروزي، تجارب احساسي، عاطفي و ادراكي را به‌شدت در كانون توجه طراحان قرار داده است. در اين خصوص، طراحي بر اساس رضايتمندي، خوشايندي، احساسات و عواطف دروني انسان عاملي بسيار مهم و تأثيرگذار در فرايند طراحي محصول شناخته مي‌شود. به دنبال شيوع و فراگيري ويروس كرونا در جهان، ساختار آموزش عالي نيز، مانند بسياري از بخش‌هاي ديگر زندگي انسان، دست‌خوش تغييرات عمده شد.   شركت دانشجويان در كلاس‌ها ي آنلاين، آزمون‌ها و انجام امور اداري به‌صورت غيرحضوري موجب استفاده بيشتر دانشجويان از وبسايت دانشگاه‌ها شده است. استاندارد نبودن طراحي وبسايت باعث مي‌شود زمان زيادي از دانشجويان گرفته شود تا به اهداف موردنظرشان برسند. بنابراين گنجاندن عناصر احساسي كه مي‌توانند شادي، لذت و علاقه را تشويق كنند، بسيار مهم است. اين تحقيق از مهندسي كانسي استفاده كرده است تا احساسات كاربر را به مولفه‌هاي طراحي رابط تبديل كند و نشان دهد كاربر از رابط كاربري چه مي‌خواهد. 50 كلمه‌ي كانسي از طريق پرسشنامه بين 50 دانشجو توزيع گرديد و از بين آن‌ها 12 كلمه جهت ارزيابي پارامترهاي طراحي بر اساس احساسات كاربران انتخاب شد. بر اساس كلمات كانسي انتخاب شده پارامترها و قوانيني براي طراحي رابط كاربري استخراج شد. اين قوانين در يك پايگاه دانش جمع‌آوري گرديد كه طراحان مي‌توانند با مراجعه به آن بر اساس احساس موردنظرشان براي طراحي، پارامترهاي طراحي متناسب با آن احساس را دريافت كرده و طرح كاربرپسند خود را ترسيم كنند.   

آنتن هاي شيپوري كاربرد زيادي در طيف فركانسي امواج ميليمتري دارند. ويژگي هاي اين آنتن ها از قبيل بهره زياد، تلفات بازگشتي كم، پهناي باند مناسب و ساخت نسبتا راحت   باعث شده در كاربردهاي مختلفي نظير تغذيه آنتن­هاي انعكاسِي، رادار، سيستم­هاي رديابي ماهواره، جنگ الكترونيك، سامانه هاي جهت يابي و تشخيص هدف مورد استفاده قرار گيرد. به دليل كاربردهاي وسيع اين نوع آنتن­ها، بهينه سازي پارامترهاي آن­ها   همواره توجه تخصصين، طراح آنتن را به خود جلب كرده است. آنتن هاي شيپوري مبتني بر موجبرهاي فلزي كه اولين بار در محدوده ريز موجي ساخته شده اندداراي قدرت توان انتقال بالا و ضريب كيفيت مناسب بوده اند اما متاسفانه حجم و اندازه بزرگي داشته­اند. علاوه بر اين ساختار سخت و انعطاف ناپذير آن­­ها، پياده سازي اين گونه آنتن­ها را دشوار نموده است[1]. به دليل عملكرد مناسب فناوري SIW در باند فركانسي موج ميليمتري تلاش­هاي زيادي   در جهت پياده سازي اين آنتن بر اساس فناوري SIW صورت گرفته است. همچنين اين فناوري در ادوات فركانس بالا مانند فيلترها، تشديد كننده ها و غيره كاربرد دارد. در واقع امروزه   نياز به آنتن­هاي جديد به صورت صفحه­اي، فشرده، كم حجم و كم هزينه، بيش از بيش احساس مي­شود. لذا در سال هاي اخير با استفاده از فناوري SIW بخش بزرگي از اين نيازمندي ها مرتفع شده است. اين نوع موجبر كه شامل دو صفحه فلزي در دو طرف يك زير لايه دي الكتريك و حفره هاي توخالي فلزي در دوطرف موجبر است، مي­تواند با طراحي مناسب جايگزين موجبر مستطيلي شود.

   Gas refineries after sweetening and dehumidification processes, with the problem of presence of mercaptans in the gas stream. are facing considering the importance of separating mercaptans from natural gas flow due to the harmful environmental effects and Improving the quality of products of gas refineries, the mercaptan removal process of one of the most important refinery units. is counted The removal of mercaptans from gas streams is done by various methods that use Surface adsorption processes are among the most widely used methods. In this research, simulation of mercaptan removal unit Phase one of the South Pars gas company, which uses surface absorption technology, has been completed. In this unit, from The surface adsorption operation is done by alternating pressure-temperature method (PTSA) using 13X and 3A zeolite adsorbents. The importance of the mercaptans removal process is clear and any increase in separation efficiency will lead to improved unit performance. Therefore, in this research, a new process cycle, which includes two stages of temperature equalization to reduce temperature and pressure equalization to increase pressure, was presented in order to improve the performance of the process, and the effect of effective parameters on the quality of the output product was also investigated. . The simulation of the unit was done using Aspen Adsorption software. The values ??of the mole fraction of the components in the output flow of the simulated model were compared with the real data and the average relative error was 1.23%. The results of the simulation showed that in the studied operation, cyclic dynamic conditions occur after five consecutive cycles from the beginning of the process. The concentration of methylmercaptan and water decreases from the input values ??of 1100ppm and 30ppm to the final values ??of less than 9ppm in dynamic cyclic conditions (DCS). In addition, using the new proposed cycle reduces the power consumption of the unit. . so as to reduce the energy consumption of the existing unit by 35.43%. The effect of the effective parameters on the quality of the output product, including the flow rate of the input feed as well as the temperature of the second heating stage was investigated on both the existing and improved cycles and the results showed that by reducing the temperature of the second heating stage to 175°C and reducing the feed flow rate Input at the rate of 2.3 kmol/hr achieves the highest separation benefit for both cycles.         

Abstract:One of the most important types of renewable energyfor sustainable supply is solar energy, which is currently developing and expandingsignificantly.   Inappropriate voltageregulation of the distribution network, on which these microgrids are located,can lead to issues such as power quality, equipment safety, system reliabilityand stability. Therefore, the need for a suitable method to adjust the voltageof the distribution system is felt.   Manyexisting methods do not consider the delay of the communication links thatexist in the power system and ignore this important issue to design thecontroller. Communication delay, to a small or large extent, is inevitable inthe voltage regulation loops of solar cells. Meanwhile, delays with large anduncompensated time constants can lead to power system instability and voltagecollapse. Therefore, a robust method based on static output feedbackconsidering the delay of communication links has been introduced in thisthesis. The proposed method is designed by linear matrix inequality (LMI),which is used as a conventional method in power systems despite thecommunication delay, and has a simple structure and implementation and goodperformance. The proposed controller is implemented in the MATLAB softwareenvironment and the results of it comparing with the dynamic output feedbackcontroller method indicate its good performance in transient and steady stateconditions.  

The world around us is full of images. Pictures are documents that, by recording a moment, become the narrator of a world of words. City cameras create, record, and store thousands of traffic images every second. Proper processing of these images can help train models based on deep learning. Such models are used in object recognition and image captioning and will be used in cases such as voice assistants and self-driving cars. In this thesis, a method is introduced to convert traffic images into their descriptions. The presented description is based on prominent objects from images and deep learning and includes three basic steps. In the first stage, data processing and methods such as data augmentation are performed on training images. In the second step, appropriate features are extracted from the images. For this purpose, four deep neural networks named VGGNet, EfficientNetB0, InceptionV3, and ResNet50 have been investigated to extract image features. According to the number of layers in the architecture of each of these deep neural networks, the fine-tuning technique has been applied to improve the accuracy of detecting traffic objects. In the third step, two neural networks, LSTM and Transformer, have been used to convert image features into text. Finally, the optimal solution will be introduced, which will significantly increase the quality of the output sentences. In total, two methods were introduced. Based on the Transformer network, the second method showed better accuracy than the first. The MS-COCO dataset was used to evaluate the proposed methods. For this purpose, a subset including 8,000 images and ten classes of traffic objects in the MS-COCO dataset has been separated and pre-processed. The accuracy of the model introduced in the BLEU evaluation criteria is 65.3595%.

راكتور از ديدگاه شبيه سازي بررسي خواهد شد.   

  One of the major challenges for microgrids that use renewableenergy, such as photovoltaic systems, is the lack of inertia, which endangersthe microgrid stability. In recent years, the virtual synchronous generatormethod has attracted a lot of attention to meet this challenge. In fact, thismethod mimics the transient properties of a synchronous generator using therotational equation of a synchronous generator and helps to improve gridstability by creating virtual inertia. On the other hand, most photovoltaic-virtualsynchronous generator systems have energy storage systems that have issues suchas increased system costs, maintenance costs, and space occupation. Therefore,in this research, a photovoltaic-improved virtual synchronous generator systemis used, which does not require energy storage. Another challenge of microgridsis the voltage imbalance and the proper operation of the control system underunbalanced conditions. So far, various methods have been proposed to compensatethe unbalanced voltage, many of which impose additional costs on the system. Inthis research, using the double decoupled reference frame method, the positiveand negative components of voltage and current are seperated and the PCCvoltage is balanced. In summary, this research presents an island PV-improved VSGsystem that is able to compensate voltage imbalance at the PCC. This system issimulated in the MATLAB / Simulink, and the simulation results show thatsimultaneously the dynamic stability in the transient state is improved usingvirtual inertia, and it is also possible to compensate the unbalanced voltageat the PCC.

استفاده از دانه هاي لاستيك توليد شده از تايرهاي ضايعاتي و نيز پودر شيشه حاصل از بازيافت شيشه ضايعاتي به عنوان جايگزين بخشي از مصالح (سنگدانه يا سيمان) در توليد بتن يك راه پايدار براي كاهش آلودگي محيط زيست همچنين كاهش مصرف منابع طبيعي و آلودگي هاي ناشي از توليد آن مي باشد. همچنين با توجه به افزايش توليد لاستيك   وشيشه به علت افزايش تقاضا و مشكلات عديده در راه بازيافت اين مواد، توجه به اين امر لازم و ضروري مي باشد. در اين تحقيق سعي مي شود از خرده لاستيك دانه بندي شده به عنوان بخشي از سنگدانه ريز، جايگزين شده و ميزان بهينه اين مصالح در بتن به جاي جمع آوري و يا سوزاندن آنها، تعيين شود. همچنين تاثير استفاده از پودر شيشه نيز به عنوان يكي ديگر از مواد بازيافتي در بتن مورد بررسي قرار گرفت . بعلاوه، تلاش شد كه با بهره گيري از ماده شبه سيماني متاكائولين، ميزان كارايي آن ارزيابي شده و همچنين مصرف سيمان كاهش يابد. هدف اصلي تحقيق ساخت بتني مناسب از نظر زيست محيطي و همچنين تامين­كننده الزامات آئين نامه­اي بود. براي اين منظور پارامترهاي مربوط به خصوصيات مكانيكي ازقبيل مقاومت فشاري، كششي، خمشي، تعيين منحني هاي تنش – كرنش و جذب آب در بازه زماني نيم، يك و 24 ساعته ارزيابي شد. كاهش در وزن، مقاومت فشاري 7 و 28 روزه نمونه هاي حاوي خرده لاستيك مشاهده شد. كاهش وزن در نمونه هاي 7 و 28 روزه به ترتيب به طور ميانگين 16/2 و 02/6 درصد مي باشد. با اين حال ميزان افزايش مقاومت فشاري 28 روزه نسبت به 7 روزه در نمونه هاي حاوي متاكائولين نمود بيشتري داشت. خرده لاستيك موجب كاهش مقاومت كششي و خمشي نمونه ها نيز شد. تاثير متاكائولين به تنهايي در بهبود خصوصيات مكانيكي بتن حاوي خرده لاستيك، بيشتر از پودر شيشه بود و مي توان انتظار داشت تاثير مثبت متاكائولين در سنين بالاتر در افزايش مقاومت فشاري چشمگير باشد.   

Copper is a critical mineral that, in optimal concentration, has a significant role in the health and quality of life of living beings. But at the same time, its deficiency or extra amount causes dysfunction of body's vital organs. So the Copper’s concentration measurement is an essential issue in the water safety monitoring field. As recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the maximum allowable concentration of Cu2+ ions in drinking water is 1.5 mg / l. Conventional concentration measurement methods generally require professional performance and access to expensive tools. It shows the importance of developing low-cost, simple, and efficient methods for measuring copper ion concentrations. The use of microfluidic devices is a good option for analytical experiments due to its speed in analysis, reduction of sample consumption, reagents, solvents, and less waste generation. However, high production costs are an essential obstacle to the widespread use of these devices globally. The use of threads used in the textile industry can be considered as an effective solution to solve this problem. This study aimed to achieve a suitable geometry for microfluidic and find a suitable thread with fluid transfer capability to recognize copper ions. In this regard, by performing various experiments in several stages to investigate the micro-mixing due to the deformation of microfluidics based on different yarns with acid and base solutions, macro mixing with food colors, and finally, the detection of copper ions based on the color change resulting from the reaction of Potassium iodide with copper ions using a T-shaped microfluid based on nylon 66 grade 1880 denier yarn has investigated.Finally, through the reaction of copper with potassium iodide, microfluidic geometry's effect on the rate of fluid advancement in the mixing channel and the quality of fluid mixing based on polyester yarns have been investigated. The investigation results of the thread grade (microfluid channel diameter) change effect on the rate of fluid progress in this study show a direct relationship between increasing thread diameter and the rate of fluid progress. However, this increasing trend is not continuous, and with increasing the yarn grade from 1670 to 2200 deniers, the length of fluid advancement in the mixing channel decreased. In the experiment of double twist Nylon 6 and Nylon 66 yarns with grades 940, 1400, and 1880 Deniers in three types of microfluidics with T, ? and Y-shaped geometries, it was observed that the highest rate of progress has occurred in microfluid with double twist 1880 Denier Nylon 66 yarn. Then, using the reaction of potassium iodide with copper ion, polyester yarns with different scores in three types of microfluidic geometry were investigated, and the microfluid ?-shape still had the highest fluid advancement. In the process of investigating the effect of changes in the concentration of acidic and basic solutions on the rate of fluid advancement, it observed that with increasing concentration of solutions, the length of fluid progress in the mixing channel decreases, and the highest fluid advancement occurs in microfluid with T-shaped geometry. However, the double twisted Nylon 66 yarn, grade 1880, still has the highest rate of advancement. Finally, using a T-shaped microfluid based on nylon 66 yarn, grade 1880 denier, the color change resulting from potassium iodide with copper ion reaction was used to identify the Cu2+ ion. The first color change was observed when using a copper solution with a concentration of 0.002 M, and gradually with a gradual increase in concentration, different colors are observed.   

Spent caustic is one of the polluted effluents of oil refineries and petrochemical companies, that has a very unpleasant and pungent odor and high amount of COD due to the high content of pollutants such as sulfides, mercaptanes, naphthenic and cresylic acids. because of the type of chemicals, contained in the spent caustic, it can be environmentally hazardous and difficult to treat conventional treatment. In current experimental study, wet air oxidation as an efficient method in this field, is used to treat merox unit spent caustic. the experiments were performed under different condition of temperature, pressure and gas/liquid ratio. The effect of temperature on COD reduction was investigated for first feed. The results showed in three different temperature 130, 145, 160 C the COD reduction is equal to 32%, 36.8% and 46.3% respectively.

  This research aims to find the impact of electrochromic

   With advances in Internet technology and easy access to Internet networks, digital images that are available to the public can be modified, manipulated, and copied illegally without any qualitative loss. Without respecting the ownership of this data, the desired content can be reproduced and distributed on a large scale. Digital watermarking appears as a branch of data concealment science and protects the ownership and copyright of these images. In this dissertation, the idea of designing and implementing an invisible digital image watermarking method in the field of Lifting Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition in order to improve image Robustness and increase the reliability of image watermarking system using The Three Module Redundancy Technique is proposed. First, the Lifting Wavelet Transform is applied to the host image, and then its three high frequency su  ands divided into 8×8 non overlapping blocks. In each frequency subbands, the Lifting Wavelet Transform is converted to each block, and four frequency subbands ll, lh, hl and hh are obtained for each block. Then the lh frequency subband is selected from each block and the singular value Decomposition is applied to the selected frequency subband. In order to increase the security of the hidden image against alteration and manipulation, the hidden image is first encrypted using the improved Arnold Transform. Following the technique of the Three Module Redundancy, the Singular Values of the watermark image are inserted into the host image by adding the Singular Values of each frequency subbands. The three optimal scale factors used by the ant bee colony algorithm to determine the balance between Robustness and imperceptability are used to insert the watermark image. Evaluations show that the average hidden Robustness of different images against signal processing and geometric attacks is more than 96% and the average imperceptability of the hidden images is more than 50 dB. According to the assessments, the proposed method is more Robustness and imperceptability than the existing works, and the proposed system is a fault tolerance system that can work properly under different circumstances. Also, by using the improved Arnold conversion to encrypt the watermark image, attempt has been made to increase the image security.

  This study experimentally investigates heat transfer inside a micro exchanger using some active smooth and coiled inserts. The obtained results were then simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. A 1mm ID micro exchanger was equipped with some inserts either smooth or coiled. The length of the inserts were 6, 9, 12 cm (equal to the length of the micro exchanger) with the cross sectional radius of 0.26 mm. According to resistance of the inserts, different voltages are applied and the relevant electrical powers are transferred to working fluid. The working fluid is silicon oil warmed up contacting with the surface when flowing through the micro exchanger. Amounts of pressure and temperature were measured in inlet and outlet of the micro exchanger under different operating conditions. These operating conditions were three different flow rates 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min and three different voltages 2, 3, and 4 V, which were applied to the micro exchanger with different inserts, as mentioned above. Four criteria employed to compare the effect of different inserts and operating conditions are performance, enhancement in efficiency, frictional losses, and thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient. In all the conditions, the data were compared to the micro exchanger equipped with the shortest smooth insert under the minimum flow rate and applied voltage. The experimental results obtained by smooth inserts demonstrated that by increasing the length of the insert the performance, enhancement in efficiency, and frictional losses were increased. Increasing the rate of thermal performance was considerably higher than frictional losses, and therefore, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, as consequent of heat transfer and pressure drop, significantly increased. The relevant amount of the above mentioned coefficient for the micro exchanger equipped with the 12 cm smooth insert and 3 V applied voltage were 1.5, 2.7, ad 3.5 respectively for 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min. In the case of coiled inserts, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient were significantly higher than smooth inserts due to increased frictional losses. These amounts were respectively 8.2, 22, 23.5 for 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min. In the lowest flow rate, 0.5 ml/min, the micro exchanger equipped with the 9 cm insert demonstrated an acceptable thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, while for higher flow rates the best performance were obtained for 6 cm insert. Under the higher flow rates, the induced turbulences lead to a better heat transfer in short distances. Increasing the length of the inserts induces additional frictional losses which lead to lower thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient. In order to figure out the heat transfer mechanism, A CFD simulation were conducted for all the relevant experimental conditions. The results were reported via different velocity and temperature vectors and contours. In addition, using the predicted amount of temperature and pressure drop in the micro exchanger, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficients were calculated and compared to experimental data. The comparisons show a good agreement between the experimental and modeling results, the maximum amount of the error were 18.4% .   Keywords: micro exchanger, active inserts, frictional losses, thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, CFD simulation  

ه دليل رشد شهر نشيني در دهه‌هاي اخير در ايران، الگوي توليد مسكن تغيير يافته و لزوم ايجاد انبوه مسكن، سبب كاهش كيفيت و مطلوبيت طراحي‌ها گشته است. طراحي مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني امروزي به دليل عدم توجه به نيازهاي انساني و در نظر نگرفتن پيام‌هاي روانشناختي آن، زندگي فردي و اجتماعي ساكنين را با مشكلاتي مواجه ساخته است. از جمله نيازهاي فراموش شده انسان‌ها در اين طراحي‌ها و مسائلي كه كمبود آن در مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني امروزي به شدت احساس مي‌شود تعاملات اجتماعي است. دراين راستا فضاهاي عمومي مجتمع‌هاي مسكوني به‌عنوان محيطي كه امكان حضور ساكنان در كنار يكديگر را فراهم مي‌كند، مي‌تواند زمينه ساز ايجاد تعامل بين آن‌ها شود. عدم توجه به اين نياز افراد و عدم قابليت محيط در تأمين آن، موجب مي‌شود تا محيط كالبدي بسياري از مجموعه‌هاي مسكوني به مجموعه‌اي از احجام و فضاي خالي بين آن‌ها تبديل گردد. اين مسئله مي‌تواند باعث نارضايتي ساكنان از محيط زندگي و متعاقب آن عدم حضور در فضاهاي عمومي مجتمع به‌عنوان لازمه بروز فعاليت‌هاي بعدي شود. اين پژوهش از نوع توصيفي تحليلي با روش مطالعات تطبيقي و پرسشنامه از ساكنين كوي بهار اصفهان مي باشد كه با يافتن وجوه مشترك معماري مؤثر بر تعاملات اجتماعي، در بافت كوي بهار ازآن ها استفاده شده است. از اين رو ابتدا سه تيپ مسكن متداول در روستاي تاريخي انارك اصفهان، بررسي و فاكتورهاي مؤثر بر تعاملات اجتماعي به عنوان پتانسيل هاي محيطي استخراج و پس از اطمينان از عدم رضايت ساكنين كوي بهار، از اين عوامل جهت اصلاح طراحي بافت كوي بهار اصفهان بهره گرفته شده است. نتايج تحقيق نشان داده است كه سلسله مراتب حركتي، وجود فضاهاي خصوصي و عمومي، سيركولاسيون افقي و عمودي و وجود فضاهاي همسايگي مشترك باعث بهبود و ارتقاي تعاملات اجتماعي شده است.كلمات كليدي: تعاملات اجتماعي، مسكن، مجموعه مسكوني، اجتماع پذيري

Toxicity reduction of silver nanoparticles by ozone gas.

نظر به اينكه ويسكوزيته و نقطه ريزش نفت سنگين ميدان پايدار شرق بالا مي باشد، هدف از انجام اين پايان نامه پايين آوردن خصوصيات فوق با استفاده از فرايند Visbreaking مي باشد. در اين فرايند مولكولهاي سنگين هيدروكربني در اثر حرارت شكسته شده و به مولكولهاي كوچكتر تقسيم مي شوند. بسته به شرايط فرايندي، همواره بخشي از خوراك به هيدروكربنهاي سبكتر از بنزين و همچنين هيدروكربنهاي در محدوده نقطه جوش بنزين و گازوئيل نيز تبديل مي شود. نكته بسيار حائز اهميت در اين فرايند انتخاب مناسب شرايط عملياتي جهت به حداقل رساندن احتمال تشكيل كك مي باشد. بدين منظور در واحدهاي ارتقاي كيفيت نفت سنگين از دو فرايند كلي براي دستيابي به اهداف فوق الذكر استفاده مي شود كه عبارتند از Coil Visbreaking و Soaker Visbreaking. در ادامه هر كدام از اين روشها به طور مختصر توضيح داده مي شوند.

  Experimental study and CFD modeling of using inserts in microtubes for heat transfer rate enhancement

  In this study, the catalyst of Mn-Na2WO4/H-ZSM-5 with the percentage of 2% and 5% for Mn and Na2WO4 used as co catalyst in the process of oxidation coupling of methane fabricated. Selectivity, methane conversion and yield process were analyzed in several temperatures. The H_ZSM5 using as support, fabricated using hydrothermal method. The SEM, TGA and EDX were used to analyze catalyst properties. The results of experiments show that the selectivity was improved by 53%, the methane conversion reached 51% and the yield process of C2 reached 27% at 800 C.

in this thesis, density and volumetric properties measuring for systems in the 20 -40 ° C, . Then the systems are simulated. after that dynamic and structural properties calculated. The results were compared with theoretical and practical

بررسي تجربي آزمايشگاهي مقاوم سازي دال هاي تخت بتن مسلح در برابر برش پانچ

Karoon Petrochemical Co. using toluene and nitric acid, and chlorine gases, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, is able to supply a variety of basic petrochemical products, including high value added isocyanates, with good quality and domestic and foreign markets. The company saw decrease in the quality of its products following the change in toluene from the toluene producers. The results of the studies show that the reason for this decline is the presence of impurities in the toluene feed of the Karoon Petrochemical Co. which impurities in the processes of producing petrochemical products have led to the production of undesirable compounds, which has led to a decrease in the quality of Karoon petrochemical products. One of the impurities in toluene is the phenol compounds that should be removed. Among the methods of eliminating the use of the adsorption process due to its inherent advantages as an efficient method in this research has been investigated. In this study, in the first step, experiments involving adsorption of phenol compounds from toluene solution by zeolite 4A, 5A, 13X, P, kaolin, Clinoptilolite (USA), Clinoptilolite (Iran) were 63%, 64%, 85% ,85% 83,% 84%, and 82%, respectively. These results show that the adsorbent used in the P-type zeolite adsorbent had the highest removal of phenol compounds from toluene. In the next step, taking into account the range of changes affecting the adsorption factors, for pH (5-9), contact time (90 to 270 minutes), adsorbent dosage (1 to 5 grams), activate carbon content (0.1 to 0.5 g) for 500 ml of toluene solution. The results of the adsorption experiments indicated by using the design of experiments and central composite design method show that if the factors are economically placed in their optimal amount, they can be considered in the range of consider conditions to 97% of the phenol compounds in toluene Removed.  

Classification of Motor Imagery Tasks for Brain Computer Interface Applicatio  

معرفي روشي براي تحليل احساس داده هاي حجيم (مطالعه موردي تويتر)

هدف اين تحقيق بررسي رفتار انتقال حرارت در ميكرو مبدل با استفاده از دو تكنيك ديناميك سيالات محاسباتي و شبكه عصبي مصنوعي مي باشد. براي اين منظور از داده هاي تجربي موجود در مراجع كه مربوط به نانو سيال اكسيد آلومينيوم – آب درون يك ميكرو مبدل در شرايط اعمال شارهاي گرمايي مختلف به ديواره آن بوده استفاده شده است. ابتدا شبيه سازي CFD در شرايط مربوط به داده هاي آزمايشگاهي انجام شده و مقايسه بين ناسلت پيش بيني شده از شبيه سازي و ناسلت بدست آمده بر مبناي داده هاي تجربي صورت گرفته است. نتايج اين مقايسه گوياي توانايي CFD در پيش بيني رفتار انتقال حرارت توسط نانوسيال در ميكرومبدل مي باشد. در مرحله بعد، شبيه سازي CFD در محدوده شرايط آزمايشگاهي ( كه داده آزمايشگاهي موجود نبوده است) صورت گرفته و از اين نتايج پيش بيني شده همراه با داده هاي تجربي موجود جهت طراحي شبكه عصبي مصنوعي به منظور پيش بيني عدد ناسلت   استفاده شده است. دو شار گرمايي شامل kW/m2 70   و 109 بر ديواره لوله اعمال شده و سه سيال شامل آب خالص و نانوسيال اكسيد آلومينيم- آب در دو كسر وزني % 25/0 و 77/0 به عنوان سيال عامل استفاده شده است. الگوريت هاي مختلف براي طراحي شبكه عصبي مصنوعي پيش بيني ناسلت بر مبناي تلفيق داده هاي آزمايشگاهي و نتايج شبيه سازي CFD مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و در نهايت بهترين شبكه با حداقل خطا براي شرايط مختلف طراحي شده است.

  نفت خام كه از چاه استخراج مي‌گردد در واحد بهره برداري طي چند مرحله با افت فشار مواجه مي شود. در نهايت گاز همراه از آن جدا شده و در صورت عدم وجود واحدي جهت جمع آوري ميعانات گازي سوخته مي شود. اين ميعانات گازي، كه از تركيبات هيدروكربني با ارزشي تشكيل شده اند، در صورت بازيافت و جمع آوري باعث افزايش در آمدهاي حاصله خواهند شد. هيدروكربن هاي تشكيل دهنده ميعانات گازي عمدتا شامل اتان و هيدروكربن هاي سنگين تر مانند پروپان، بوتان و ساير هيدروكربورهاي سنگين، كه بنزين طبيعي نيز ناميده مي شوند، مي باشند. البته درصد هر كدام از اين مواد در ميعانات گازي، بستگي به نوع مخزن، محل آن، عمق مخزن و عوامل ديگر دارد. نفت خام استخراج شده از چاه به دليل اينكه از اعماق زمين به بالا آمده‌ است، در طول مسير بالا آمدن، با خود مقداري شن و ماسه و آب شور را به همراه دارد. از اين رو، قبل از ارسال اين نفت به پالايشگاه‌ ها، جامدات، آب، و گاز همراه با آن در محل هايي كه به مجموعه تأسيسات سرِچاهي شناخته مي‌شوند، توسط دستگاه‌ هايي به نام جداكننده، از نفت جدا مي‌گردند. با توجه به وجود ميعانات گازي در گاز خروجي از تفكيك گرهاي واحد بهره برداري نفت شهر و ارزش اقتصادي بالاي آن جداكردن اين تركيبات بسيار حائز اهميت است. از اين رو پيدا كردن روشي براي جداكردن اين تركيبات سنگين با صرف كمترين انرژي و هزينه از نظر اقتصادي بسيار حائز اهميت مي باشد.ما در اين تحقيق سعي داريم از روشي استفاده كنيم كه مقدار اين جداسازي را با حداقل امكانات به حداكثر رسانده و از دستگاهي با نام لوله ي گردابه اي يا vortex tube استفاده مي كنيم.دستگاه vortex tube يا لوله ي گردابه اي يك دستگاه مكانيكي بسيار ساده فاقد اجزاي متحرك مي باشد و قابليت تنظيم دما را داراست كه جرياني از يك سيال فشرده را در دما و فشار معين از طريق نازل به صورت مماسي دريافت مي كند و شامل يك ورودي و دو خروجي مي باشد كه سيال از قسمت ورودي وارد دستگاه شده و دچار چرخش شده و از دو خروجي سرد و گرم خارج مي شود. سيال گرم در حاشيه ي لوله حركت مي كند و سيال سرد در مركز مي باشد. اغلب در جامعه ي علمي سيال هاي مورد استفاده در vortex tube گازها يا بخارها گزارش شده است اما برانو و Hajdik به طور مستقل از لحاظ تجربي ثابت كرده اند كه مايع ها مي توانند به عنوان بخشي از سيال كار مورد استفاده قرار گيرند و بخش ديگر گاز باشد.

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Ontology Model For Data Integration In Gas And Oil Industry

Cross Field Antennas (CFA) are a new generation of the antennas that have the major advantages of conventional antennas. Therefore, awareness raising and knowing enough of the performance these antennas can have a significant effect on the advancement and development of telecommunications applications. One of the important reasons to use CFA antennas is very small-size of these antennas,  which can easily be installed on the roof of the buildings. In this thesis, cross-field antennas have analyzed using the quasi-static method. First, in order to reduce the error of calculations in the use of this method, different symmetric conductors were considered. It was observed that the elements to equal dimensions or with the dimensions ratio of one have the minimum probability of error. The using this method and considering the elements with the equal dimensions, the charge density was investigated in asymmetric conductors. It was also shown that too many elements do not have much effect on the results, while the time of the calculation increased and the speed of the process reduced. Then, CFA antenna was analyzed in two static and dynamic states to assume the elements with the dimensions ratio of one using the quasi-static method. The results showed to achieve the ratio of the electric to magnetic fields equal to 337 ohms and efficient radiation; it is necessary that the E-plate excitation amplitudes are twice the D-plate excitation amplitudes in this antenna. The D-plate irradiation phase is about 90 degrees phase-lag to the E-plate irradiation phase, also. Finally, the effect of change each of the physical parameters of the antenna was investigated on the ratio amount of electric to magnetic fields. Finally, the effect of changes each of the physical parameters of the antenna was investigated on the ratio of electric to magnetic fields and was indicated that each parameters a significant impact on this ratio. Whereas, the relationship between the magnitude and the phase of sources must again be determined.

  Nowadays, dams are one of the most important sources   of water supply in drinking, agricultural, industrial sections, energy generation and other water related activities. The development of reservoirs operating policies to meet each of the water requirements is vital. operating policies are in fact guidelines that,   specify the amount of storage, and also the waterrelease to meet needs, seasonal flood control, and other reservoir operating purposes in the intended steps. In reservoirs operating , a high percentage of system reliability is a positive factor, but in arid and semi-arid regions where the amount of discharge into the reservoir has   evere fluctuations, it is reasonable to reduce the system reliability and dercrease the amount   water allocation to the Consumption points ,to prevent the occurrence of critical conditions such as emptying the reservoir. According to the above, optimization of operating policies has become more important as demand grows, especially in dry years, taking into account hedging. Reservoir optimization models have different approaches that the modeling and their assumptions can be   determinative in reservoir operating. In models where the input data of the reservoir is the recorded river data and were assumed definitive, the results of the model are limited to historical data and should be calibrated for new input flows to the reservoir. In these models, ignoring the rules of hedging in arid and semi-arid regions can lead to severe failures in the operating of the reservoir. In this study, which was carried out on Balaroud reservoir dam located in Khuzestan province, the optimization model was based on the new PSO (parametrization-simulation-optimization) method. In this method, considering the stochastic flow conditions, the optimal reservoir ration parameters are determined through the reservoir simulator link (WEAP model) to the NSGA-II multi-objective optimization algorithm. In order to apply the stochastic flow conditions, the inflow into the reservoir ,initially 4800 synthetic monthly times series was generated for each Bootstrap, Thomas and Fiering, Fragment and Valencia-Schaake methods. Then the statistical parameters of the produced series of each method were compared with the historical river series. The results showed that the Fragment method was better than other methods, and the series produced by this method were used to apply the stochastic conditions in the PSO model. In the model, 4800 months for calibration and 372 months for the validation of the model are included. At the end, the results of the PSO model were compared with the results of the standard operating policy (SOP). The results show that the proposed model has been able to manage the allocation in needs of dry months and prevent the reservoir from emptying.

بررسي تاثير پيش پردازش داده هاي هيدرولوژيكي بر نتايج انواع مدل هاي   پيش بيني سري هاي زماني   هيدرولوژيكي

  In this study the effect of ferrite particle in magnetic field on force heat transfer enhancement is investigated. For this purpose an experimental rig has been designed. The effect of different external magnetic field is studied. The effect of reciprocate movement of magnetic field on heat transfer enhancement is studied. The results show that using this system an enhancement of between 16.35% - 36.24% are obtained. Finally, the results are expressed in terms of dimensionless numbers.

همانند سازي نرم افزاري تراوش جداسازي غشايي گازهابا غشاء پليمري

In this study titania-supported tungsten catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetonitrile as a solvent extraction, over 90 min was investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the main operating parameters, including temperature, Amount of catalyst, oxygen to sulfur molar ratio, extraction phase to oil phase ratio. The optimum operating conditions had been attained at temperature of 80C, 0.04gr of catalyst, oxygen to sulfur molar ratio of 12.4, extraction phase to oil phase ratio of 0.68, respectively with the highest conversion of 97%.

  Abstract  The primary means of transmission pipeline systems for gas and other fuels are liquid.Most of these pipelines are buried underground and heavily influenced by sudden movements of the earth caused by earthquakes and landslides are located.Applied to pipeline damage during any of these events, if severe, can lead to the breakdown of instruments and therefore are large economic lossesThe subject of this thesis numerical modeling and analysis of buried pipe reply in motion a reverse faultWith regard to large deformations in the pipeline, nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted using Abaqus softwareWith each move the pipeline to one or all forms of axial loads, bending and shear is Thi  loads may lead to large compressive stresses, which in fact leads to local buckling or are generalIn this work the interaction between the pipe and the surrounding soil due to sudden movement of the earth, with a connection between pipeline and soil type, soil nonlinear response, call nonlinear material and nonlinear geometry is studied.The most important parameter for determining the performance level and the amount of damage to pipelines buried in an earthquake, the maximum strainVital artery regulations also determine the maximum strain, seismic behavior pipelines have been buried.That the relationship of stress and strain values obtained Regulations and have been compared with the results of the software.

Predictive control is known as a wide class of controllers that have found recent application in the control of power converters. The main characteristic of model predictive control (MPC) is the use of the system for prediction of the future behavior of the controlled variables over a prediction horizon. This information is used by the MPC control strategy to provide the control actions for the system by optimizing a predefined. This thesis presents a current control strategy using Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) that applied to a three phase four leg voltage source inverter. This control scheme predicts the future load currents behavior for each valid switching state of the inverter. The control method chooses a switching state that minimizes the error between the output currents and their references. Also, in the following, a new method is proposed to reduce the amount of calculation. Finally, simulation results in Simulink/Matlab are demonstrated.  

In this work the thermal performance of a two-stage DX-SAHP for high temperature condensing in the rang of 60-100 °C with considering the effects of he pressure drop associated with the flow of R134a refrigerant through the condenser,collector/ evaporator and connection pipe is analyzed numerically.the Homogeneous method for two phas pressure drop inside horizontal pipes is used to calculate the two phase refrigerant pressure drop.This system employs a bare flat plate solar collector with a surface area of 5.5 m2 ,a hot water tank with the volume of 150 L,two rotary-type hermetic compressors,two thermostatic expansion valves and a flash chamber.The effect of various parameters, including solar radiation, ambient temperature, collector surface area, compressor speed,wind speed and number of collector cover has been studied on the thermal performance of the system.The results show that the hours of system operation, during different months in the climate of Kermanshah, vary between 44 to 144.4 hours and the monthly average COP and the solar collector efficiency vary between 4.4 to 7.66 and 55.1 to 79.63 percent respectively.also the thermal performance is compared for two-stage and single-stage DX-SAHP at the Kermanshah climate. the results show that the performance of two-stage DX-SAHP is better than that of single-stage system.monthly average COP and the solar collector efficiency for the two-stage DX-SAHP vary between 4.389 to 7.768 and 71.44 to 100.3 percent respectively and for single-stage vary between 3.92 to 6.05 and 66.25 to 96.12 percent respectively.also the hours of system operation, during different months for two-stage DX-SAHP is less than that of single-stage system

Design and feasibility analysis a micro device for micro particle separation magnetophoresis

  Each part of the blood provides important information for diagnosis and treatment. Mineral-rich blood plasma biomarkers, including: proteins, metabolites and Etc. To access this information must first be separated from the blood plasma. Separate the plasma from the blood stages, which are the blood has different biological properties such as derivatives with platelet and white blood cells and red blood combined [27]. The classic method for separating plasma from blood, by sedimentation [28].The classic method for separating plasma from blood, is deposition method [28] based on the law of gravity and density differences in blood separation is performed, but due to the low speed centrifuges to speed up this method of precipitate action used be. This method is currently used in many laboratories. The use of centrifuges in addition to being expensive and require professional training, may cause degradation of the target (plasma proteins and metabolites) is also. With the advent and development of MEMS, plasma separation methods in the field of micro is considered. The benefits of micro-scale separation can be compared to the classic method: use a small amount of blood, portability and low price point make microdevice. In this thesis microdevice to separate the plasma from the whole blood-based MEMS technology is presented. The advantage of this method compared to other separation methods is that active and passive separation takes place, and this makes the advantages of both methods have together. The proposed method measures different from other methods of separating the samples were gathered and tried to optimize it. Among the advantages of this method to other methods this method is that continuity errors such as human error is significantly reduced.

  This study investigates the effect of nanoclay on the optimization of curing cycle for unsaturated polyester resin of thin-sectioned composite parts. There is no study on curing cycle optimization for unsaturated polyester resin containing nanoclay. Hence, this study may provide insights into this optimization. On the other hand, curing cycle optimization is essential for GRP pipe industry since around 80% of composite pipes are produced by unsaturated polyester resin.Optimization is defined as to find the most appropriate solution in the output of an equation with minimum costs. Parameters including temperature, curing time, and curing degree are of highly significant for curing process. If the temperature is increased and not controlled during the curing process, the decomposition is rendered at the center of the composite part, and, thereby, curing is not completed within the composite part. Furthermore, if the curing time is not controlled, it would lead into high costs. Therefore, the cure cycle should be optimized allowing the curing process to complete in minimum time necessary for achieving an efficient production. In this study, using the genetic algorithm in the MATLAB software, an objective function is considered in order to optimize the curing cycle under defined conditions. In order to investigate the influence of nanoclay on optimization, two samples of unsaturated polyester resin were prepared. One of the samples included nanoclay weighting 1% of nanoclay. DSC measurement was carried out in order to investigate the curing synthetic. Given the influences of the individual parameters on the final curing cycle (weighting factor for the objective function), each samples (i.e., unsaturated polyester resin with and without nanoclay) has been examined in different states in which the presented curing cycle is optimized. Furthermore, two types of two- and three-step cycles have been used for each sample, and their merits and demerits have been discussed. The results of optimization shows that the amount of curing degree for the sample containing nanoclay has been increased in different states whereas the total time of this cure cycle has been decreased due to adding nanoclay to the system. In fact, nanoclay decreases the activation energy of reaction leading into reaction rate increase. It is also observed that nanoclay decreases the pre-exponential factor in the system resulting in reaction rate decrease. However, the amount of reaction rate is increased owning to the reason that the reduction of activation energy is more dominant than pre-exponential factor reduction. It is also concluded that curing temperature level for the thin composite part was decreased and controlled in the desired level. These findings are also observed for the sample containing nanpclay both in two- and three step cycles. Furthermore, it is also observed that third step cycle has presented within a short period of time in comparison to two-step cycle (cycle time). Generally, it could be concluded that curing state is improved due to the presence of nanoclay. In other words, nanoclay decreases the processing time and controlles the temperature level of produced part while its presence increases the final curing degree.    Key words: Nanoclay, Optimization of curing cycle, Unsaturated Polyester resin, Thin-sectioned composite parts, Genetic Algorithm