Saeed Ovaysi

The increasing emissions of carbon dioxide and their associated environmental consequences have made the development of effective technologies for the capture and recovery of this gas an important topic in the field of separation processes. Although chemical absorption using amine solvents is one of the conventional methods for carbon dioxide separation, the considerable energy consumption during solvent regeneration is one of the major limitations of this process. In this study, the desorption of carbon dioxide from a biphasic solvent consisting of triethanolamine, n-butanol, and water was experimentally investigated using an ultrasonic falling-film system. To evaluate the process performance, the effects of solvent temperature, flowrate, film thickness, solvent composition, and number of passes on carbon dioxide desorption were investigated, and the performance of the system was compared in the presence and absence of ultrasound. Three solvent compositions containing 30 wt% triethanolamine, 15, 25, and 35 wt% n-butanol, and 55, 45, and 35 wt% water, respectively, were used. Experiments were conducted over a temperature range of 40–70 °C, flow rates of 2–10 mL/min, and different film thicknesses. The results showed that increasing the solvent temperature from 40 to 70 °C increased the carbon dioxide desorption percentage for all three compositions. At 70 °C in the presence of ultrasound, the desorption percentages for the first, second, and third compositions were 49.49%, 76.29%, and 62.77%, respectively, whereas the corresponding values in the absence of ultrasound were 36.87%, 58.51%, and 44.15%. Furthermore, increasing the flow rate from 2 to 10 mL/min decreased the desorption percentage, which was attributed to the reduction in the effective contact time of the solvent with the film surface. At a flow rate of 2 mL/min and in the presence of ultrasound, the highest desorption percentages were 53.46% for the third composition and 52.58% for the second composition.The results also indicated that reducing the film thickness from 3 to 1 mm increased the desorption percentage. At a film thickness of 1 mm, the desorption percentages for the first, second, and third compositions were approximately 49.5%, 76.5%, and 62.8%, respectively. Increasing the number of passes also enhanced the desorption percentage, with the desorption of the second composition reaching approximately 86% as the number of passes increased. Comparison of the results in the presence and absence of ultrasound demonstrated that the application of ultrasound improved process performance and increased the carbon dioxide desorption percentage under all investigated conditions. This enhancement can be attributed to the generation of oscillations and mixing within the liquid layer, resulting in enhanced mass transfer in the film.On the other hand, the energy consumption analysis showed that although increasing the temperature enhanced the desorption percentage, the specific energy consumption also increased. The specific energy consumption for the first composition increased from approximately 2.04 MJ/kg of desorbed carbon dioxide at 40 °C to approximately 4.72 MJ/kg at 70 °C. For the second composition, this value increased from 1.32 to 2.66 MJ/kg, while for the third composition, it increased from 1.29 to 3.20 MJ/kg of desorbed carbon dioxide. In addition, for the second composition, the energy consumption relative to the reference condition decreased from approximately 68.6% at 40 °C to approximately 36.7% at 70 °C. Overall, the results demonstrated that the use of an ultrasonic falling-film system, combined with appropriate solvent composition and operating conditions, can improve the performance of the carbon dioxide desorption process. However, the selection of optimal operating conditions should be based simultaneously on the desorption performance and energy consumption indicators.

  AbstractThe development of Atmospheric Water Harvesting (AWH) technologies is crucial for arid and semi-arid regions. Composite sorbents combining a porous host matrix with a hygroscopic salt offer high efficiency at low relative humidity and low energy consumption. This study aimed to design and synthesize an affordable and high-capacity activated carbon/calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) composite for industrial applications.First, three activated carbon samples (coarse granular, powdered, and medium granular) were evaluated using structural and thermal analyses. The medium granular sample (Sample 18) was selected as the optimal host matrix due to its high specific surface area ($454.13\\text{ m}^2/\\text{g}$) and superior adsorption performance. Second, fifteen composite samples were synthesized via the impregnation method using varying $CaCl_2$ concentrations (30–50%) and residence times (24–72 hours).Comprehensive characterization identified Sample 13 (prepared with a 40% $CaCl_2$ concentration and a 72-hour impregnation time) as the optimal sorbent, achieving an ideal balance between high moisture adsorption capacity and physical stability (avoiding deliquescence). Kinetic evaluations revealed that Sample 13 exhibited a significantly enhanced adsorption capacity—increasing from 0.214 to $GFN2252_LABSTRACT_XMLENCODE#.286\\text{ g/g}$ over three successive cycles—with a 95% desorption recovery rate, vastly outperforming raw activated carbon. Given its low-cost materials and excellent performance at low relative humidity, the Sample 13 composite is a highly efficient and economical solution for AWH in arid regions.Keywords: Atmospheric Water Harvesting, Activated Carbon, Calcium Chloride, Composite Sorbent, Impregnation, Moisture Adsorption

Crude oil desalination unit, as one of the most important parts of pre-refining, plays a key role in removing water, salt, and suspended particles from crude oil [1]. The presence of high levels of salt in crude oil causes equipment corrosion, formation of deposits in heat exchangers, reduction of refining process efficiency, and increase in operating costs [2]. In this study, the performance of the two-stage electrostatic desalination unit of Azar Mehran oil field (with a design capacity of 256.8 cubic meters per hour and an inlet salt content of 2,248 pounds per thousand barrels (PTB) and an inlet   amp;W of 10% by volume) was modeled and optimized using Aspen HYSYS software and the Peng-Robinson thermodynamic model. The developed model was validated with real operating data on 10 different days and the average relative error was less than 3% for PTB and less than 5% for   amp;W (R² correlation coefficients of 0.982 and 0.975, respectively), which confirms the high accuracy of the model. The results of the sensitivity analysis showed that temperature is the most important parameter affecting the unit performance; such that a 10-degree increase in temperature (from 62 to 72 degrees Celsius) caused a decrease of about 30% in the output PTB, although the energy consumption also increased by about 16%. The optimal temperature range was determined to be 62 to 70 degrees Celsius. Also, the optimal wash water ratio was identified in the range of 3 to 5% by volume, in which the output PTB decreases from about 28.5 (at a ratio of 1%) to 4.5 to 8.2, without an excessive increase in water consumption. In the design case, the output PTB was reduced from 2,248 to 8.2 (99.64% reduction) and   amp;W was reduced from 10% to 0.07% (first-stage efficiency 88.0% and second-stage 96.9%). The process was then optimized using a genetic algorithm (population size 100, generation number 200) [3]. The results showed that by increasing the temperature to 68.5°C (+10.5%), the wash water ratio to 4.2% (+40%), and the demulsifier dosage to 18 ppm (+20%), the output PTB value improved by 29.3% (from 8.2 to 5.8) and   amp;W decreased by 28.6% (from 0.07 to 0.05%), while the operating cost increased by only 11.2% (from 38.5 to 42.8 USD/h). Economic analysis comparing four scenarios (design, normal, optimal, single-stage) showed that the normal mode is the most cost-effective option with an annual cost of $2.81 million, while the optimal mode is 22% more expensive and the single-stage emergency mode is 67% more expensive than the normal mode. The results of this research show that the use of numerical modeling and optimization can play an effective role in increasing productivity, reducing operating costs, improving the quality of the output crude oil, and reducing the environmental impacts of desalination units.

Heavy-metal contamination of water requires tra  arent and reproducible tools for evaluating nanofiltration performance. In this study, an Excel-based tra  ort framework using the extended Nernst–Planck equation, Donnan partitioning, and steric effects was organized into separate sheets for raw data, calculations, predictions, residuals, and error metrics. Reanalysis showed that digitized experimental markers must be separated from the reference curve, negative R-squared values must be retained when the model performs worse than the data mean, and out-of-range charged-solute predictions must not be artificially clipped to zero or one. Accordingly, the revised workbook flags nonphysical outputs and reports neutral-solute errors directly from digitized experimental points. Because point-by-point raw data for Pb²?, Cd²?, and Cu²? were unavailable, heavy-metal results were compared only with independently published ranges and trends; no artificial validation statistics were generated. The resulting workbook is traceable and auditable, but quantitative prediction of heavy-metal rejection requires membrane-specific experimental data and calibration of tra  ort and charge parameters.       Keywords: Membrane, nanofiltration, heavy metals, mathematical modeling, steric hindrance, Donnan exclusion.

  atural convection inside a partitioned enclosure has attracted much attention in recent years due to its importance in engineering applications for weakening or enhancing the intensity of heat transfer. In this study, a vertical enclosure containing air partitioned by a row of horizontal flat insulating blades is investigated. The effects of effective variables on the steady laminar natural convection flow inside the partitioned enclosure are numerically studied. Different temperatures are considered for the side walls of the enclosure, while the other walls are insulated. The row of blades is unsymmetrical in two cases; in one case, the row of blades is moved away from the symmetry line of the enclosure and towards the hot wall, and in the other case, the row of blades is moved away from the symmetry line of the enclosure and towards the cold wall. The effective variables include the Rayleigh number (Ra) in the range of 103×7 and 1.45×104, the angle of inclination of the blades to the horizon (?) in the range of 0 to 180 o and the eccentricity (S) in the range of -1.5 to +1.5 mm. Based on the numerical results obtained, the heat transfer is particularly sensitive to the change in the angle of the blades (?) and has an oscillating trend towards it. In addition, the heat transfer increased with increasing the Rayleigh number (Ra). Also, the asymmetric arrangement of the blades inside the chamber reduces the heat transfer in the chamber by a maximum of 19% compared to the symmetrical arrangement (S=0). In fact, with a low-cost geometric change, a significant amount of heat transfer in the chamber is reduced.

   چكيده در جهان امروز، بخش قابل توجهي از ساعات شبانه‌روز انسان‌ها در محيط‌هاي كاري و فضاهاي صنعتي سپري مي‌شود. حضور مداوم در اين فضاها مي‌تواند موجب افزايش خستگي ذهني، استرس و كاهش تمركز كاركنان گردد. از ديرباز، معماران تلاش داشته‌اند با خلق فضاهاي مناسب و بهره‌گيري از ظرفيت‌هاي طبيعت، پاسخگوي نيازهاي انساني باشند. مطالعات نشان داده‌اند كه ادغام عناصر طبيعي با محيط‌هاي كاري مي‌تواند باعث بازيابي توجه، كاهش خستگي ذهني و كنترل استرس شود. هدف اين پايان‌نامه، بررسي اثرات طبيعت مجازي بر كاهش خستگي و استرس كاركنان كارخانه‌ي رايان نيك و ارائه چارچوبي براي طراحي محيط‌هاي كاري انسان‌محور است. اين پژوهش از نوع كاربردي بوده و با هدف حل يك نياز واقعي در محيط صنعتي طراحي شده است. از لحاظ روش‌شناسي، پژوهش حاضر رويكرد تركيبي (آميخته) دارد و شامل هر دو بعد كمي و كيفي است. داده‌هاي كمي از طريق پرسشنامه‌هاي استاندارد براي سنجش شاخص‌هايي نظير ميزان خستگي، رضايت شغلي و ادراك از محيط كار گردآوري شدند. داده‌هاي كيفي نيز از طريق مشاهده مستقيم و مصاحبه نيمه‌ساختاريافته جمع‌آوري شده‌اند تا تجربيات ذهني و رفتاري كاركنان به طور جامع مورد بررسي قرار گيرد. اين رويكرد تركيبي امكان تحليل اثرات طبيعت مجازي از دو منظر عيني و ذهني را فراهم مي‌سازد. مطابق با ساختار مصوب پايان‌نامه‌هاي معماري، پژوهش شامل بخش نظري و عملي (فرايند طراحي) نيز مي‌باشد. تحليل‌هاي زمينه‌اي و ارزيابي شاخص‌هاي طراحي انسان‌محور به پژوهشگر كمك مي‌كند تا راهكارهاي طراحي فضاهاي كاري مبتني بر طبيعت مجازي ارائه شود و تعامل كاركنان با اين محيط‌ها بهينه گردد. نتايج اين تحقيق مي‌تواند به عنوان راهنمايي براي طراحي محيط‌هاي صنعتي انسان‌محور مورد استفاده قرار گيرد و تأثير طبيعت مجازي بر رفاه، انگيزه و عملكرد كاركنان را نشان دهد. اين پژوهش، نقطه‌اي عملي براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي كاري در محيط‌هاي صنعتي ارائه مي‌دهد و زمينه‌اي براي مطالعات آتي در حوزه طراحي محيطي و سلامت رواني كاركنان فراهم مي‌سازد.

   Combustion, as one of the primary methods of energy conversion in various industries, plays a vital role in energy production and heating. Despite significant advancements in renewable energy technologies, fossil fuels still constitute a major share of global energy supply. This study investigates the combustion process in industrial boilers using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) methods and analyzes system performance optimization with a focus on pollutant reduction and efficiency enhancement. In this research, the theoretical fundamentals of combustion, its various types, and the relevant chemical and physical mechanisms are first outlined. A three-dimensional simulation of a water-tube boiler used at Ilam Gas Refinery was then conducted using ANSYS Fluent software. Key parameters such as temperature distribution, fluid velocity, and pollutant concentrations under different operating conditions were examined. The results revealed that adjusting the excess air ratio and optimizing burner design could significantly reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and carbon monoxide (CO). Moreover, the use of blended fuels—such as mixtures of methane with ethane-propane—was found to maintain boiler efficiency while decreasing pollutant levels. Additionally, the influence of boiler geometry and tube arrangement on heat transfer and pressure drop was analyzed. The findings indicated that an optimized design could enhance thermal efficiency by up to 5%. Finally, several strategies were proposed for improving boiler performance and minimizing environmental impacts, including the application of advanced combustion technologies, waste heat recovery, and precise control of operational parameters. As an applied research study, this work provides a foundation for the more efficient design and operation of industrial boilers and demonstrates that integrating numerical and experimental approaches can lead to significant advances in combustion system optimization. Keywords: Combustion, Industrial Boiler, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Optimization, Pollutants, Thermal Efficiency.

   In the characterization of C7+ fractions with wide boiling ranges, measuring distributed properties such as molecular weight (MW), specific gravity (SG), and true boiling point (Tb) can be time-consuming and expensive. This thesis aims to analyze oil data using Solver in Excel and neural network in Matlab to improve the accuracy of oil properties prediction. The data consists of 68 oil samples. The data were divided into two groups: black oil and condensate gas. the Solver tool in Excel to determine the parameters A, B, and P0 for each property P such as SG, MW and Tb in Riazi distribution model Solver program was also used to analyze the data and find the average percentage of the average absolute deviation (AAD%) for both black oil and condensate gas and for each property of SG, MW and Tb. The neural network was then trained using the bulk inputs of MW and SG, along with XC values ranging from0.1 to0.99. By fine-tuning the neural network, the distributed properties of SG, MW, and Tb could be predicted with high accuracy. The study aimed to reduce the complexity and cost associated with measuring distributed properties by utilizing computational tools like Solver and neural networks. So, it was possible to predict the distributed properties of heptane plus fractions with minimal empirical data. The results showed that the neural network model achieved a mean square error ·   (MSE) of (0.0258) for the gas condensate ·   (MSE) of (0.0976) for the black oils. This indicates a high level of accuracy in predicting the distributed properties of SG, MW, and Tb based on the bulk properties. In addition, a second neural network was used to verify the accuracy of the prediction made by the first network with inputs MWb,SGb,XC and outputs (Predicted outputs in the first network) and the mean square error was calculated for both condensate gas and black oil.    ·   (MSE) of (0.003746) for the gas condensate ·   (MSE) of (0.009242) for the black oils. Overall, the utilization of neural networks for the characterization of heptane plus fractions represents a promising approach to streamline the characterization process and reduce time and cost. By leveraging computational tools and machine learning techniques, researchers can enhance the efficiency and accuracy of characterizing complex hydrocarbon fractions.

   A novel design for realizing optical 2-bit analog to digital converter based on two-dimensional photonic crystals will be proposed in this thesis. The proposed structure consists of two main parts; a nonlinear 3-channel demultiplexer, followed by an optical coder. The nonlinear demultiplexer quantizes the input analogue signal based on its optical intensity at the central wavelength of ?=1550 nm and  consists of two ring resonators using nonlinear rods inside. For appropriate values of the input optical intensity, one of the ring resonators can drop the optical signal at its corresponding output port using Kerr effect. The optical coder also contains two similar ring resonators which can converts the quantized levels to 2-bit binary code. The base structure is a square lattice of silicon dielectric rods with refractive index of 3.46 implemented in an air background. The nonlinear rods used in the ring resonators are made of doped glass with refractive index and nonlinear Kerr coefficient of 1.4 and 10-14 m2W   respectively, and the total footprint of the structure is about 555 ?m2.   Maximum sampling rate is up to 240 GS/s .

One of the biggest problems of mobile phone operators is mobile network coverage in densely populated urban areas; In mobile networks, communication signals are transmitted between mobile phones and transceiver base stations. These stations include telecommunication equipment such as antenna, radio, processing equipment and other electronic components, which enable the sending and receiving of wireless signals. Factors such as the location of urbanization do not allow the correct transmission of signals from the operator to the subscriber. Artificial obstacles such as buildings block the passage of mobile waves so that the waves reach the subscriber in a weakened form; In dense urban areas, the number of mobile phone users is very high, and synchronizing a large number of users with the limited space of network servers is facing problems. There are a large number of telecommunication equipment and wireless networks in these areas, which cause interference in the radio space. This interference reduces the efficiency and coverage of the network. The subject investigated in this thesis is the improvement of mobile network coverage using the transfer and control of changeable parameters in the transceiver base station in the urban environment. Blind spots in the mobile network are areas where the direct signal from the transceiver base station does not reach them and the quality of communication decreases there. Reducing blind spots is very important. In this thesis, a new software model is presented to improve the coverage of city area  

One of the most important problems of oil reservoirs is damage to the formation, which occurs due to induced and natural factors. The most common method to repair the damage to the formation and increase the productivity of the well is acidizing. Among the important acids for matrix acidification in carbonate tanks, he mentioned organic and inorganic acids, especially hydrochloric acid. In some oil fields, such as the Azar oil field, due to the high temperature and pressure in the drilled well, the speed of acid reaction with the reservoir rock increases, which in turn causes the intensification of sludge generation. Failure to create wormholes. In addition, acids based on hydrochloric acid cause corrosion in the wall pipes of wells. One of the ways to control the reaction kinetics is the use of hybrid acids. Citric acid as an effective organic acid as well as glutamic acid as a chelating acid along with pure hydrochloric acid can be used in acidification of oil fields. Due to their reversibility and low dissociation constant, these acids reduce the reaction rate of acids and are less corrosive and anticorrosive than mineral acids. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of hydrochloric-citric acid mixture as well as hydrochloric-glutamic acid on carbonate rock samples and compare it with pure hydrochloric acid, as well as to investigate the changes in the concentration and speed of the impact time of these three types of carbonate acid. In this research, the purpose of measuring the concentration The optimal combination of hydrochloric acid-citric acid-hydrochloric acid-glutamic acid is high temperature in Azar field oil reservoirs. The design of the experiment is by RSM method with two concentration factors of hydrochloric acid and citric acid, respectively, at two levels of 5-15 for hydrochloric acid, two levels of 10-5 for citric acid, and also 8.5% of glutamic acid. It has been used. The method of kinetic calculations based on determining the concentration of the reactant (H+) by the tetration method has been used. In this research, in order to achieve the best concentration of hybrid acid, the qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the experiments was used, and the concentration of 10% hydrochloric acid, 7.5% citric acid, and 8.5% glutamic acid was chosen as the best and most optimal concentration of hybrid acid. It has been achieved. At the end, kinetic experiments were performed at three temperatures of 80, 60 and 40 degrees Celsius on acids with concentrations of 10% citric - 7.5% hydrochloric and 10% glutamic - 8.5% hydrochloric acid with the sample stone until the parameters of the reaction weight. Calculate. The obtained results showed that two separate reactions took place, in the first phase of the reaction, the predominant acid was hydrochloric acid, and in the second stage, the dominant mechanism was with citric acid or glutamic acid.   

      The buildings located in the historical contexts of the city are impressive in terms of architectural features. The historical context of Isfahan is also a valuable area for design. Joibare is one of the historical neighborhoods of Isfahan city, with many landmark buildings. In some parts of this historical context, the presence of undefined space has weakened the continuity of its construction. One of the ways to define this visual integration in urban design and architecture is the construction of new buildings or intermediate buildings on existing land. Intermediate buildings are the result of the endogenous urban development attitude, the purpose of their construction is to create a solution for the problems arising from the scattered and chaotic growth of cities. Since the intermediate buildings are not at the same time as the surrounding buildings in terms of construction time, and there are many influences between the existing grains and new structures, as a result, the appropriate selection of intermediate architectural models causes more successful interventions. The new structure can restore the physical and functional continuity of a part of the neighborhood by adapting the physical patterns of the traditional texture and the principles of intermediate architecture with the historical texture of Joibare neighborhood and defining the required use.    In this thesis, we have tried to achieve this goal by proposing the construction of a low-rise residential complex with high density in the historical context of Isfahan (Joibare area). Therefore, in the form of theoretical research, it will seek to achieve principles that fully include physical patterns and intermediate architecture. By studying and examining the evolution of spatial patterns, the pattern of houses is defined according to the concepts of the past and today's needs. The method of this thesis is the study of examples in the library method. After knowing the site, by analyzing and examining ten valuable houses, the types of buildings in the Joibare area were identified and their characteristics were used as criteria for design.

For many years, the separation of ethylene (C2H4) from ethane (C2H6) for the production of pure ethylene for industrialpurposes has been of great importance. The separation of ethylene from ethane is a vital process in the industry, which requires high-purity separation for ethylene to produce high-quality final products. The pure ethylene obtained from this process is used as an important raw material in the production of plastic, rubber, and other chemical products. The process of ethylene separation acts as a fundamental basis for the petrochemical industry and is of great importance in meeting global industrial and economic needs. Cryogenic distillation is the main technology for separating ethylene and ethane, which is used due to the close boiling point of ethylene and ethane (187.6 K for ethane and 169.5 K for ethylene) under very low temperatures and high pressures. However, this process is very costly in terms of investment and energy consumption in the petrochemical industry. Therefore, various alternative methods have been investigated to increase its efficiency and reduce the associated costs. One ofthe significant limitations of these alternative methods is their limited selectivity, making them incapable of serving as a complete replacement for cryogenic distillation. Nevertheless, internal absorption processes can potentially serve as a suitable substitute for cryogenic distillation. The main objective of this study is to investigate the amount of pure ethylene and ethane gas absorption by CuAlCl4 absorbent in a toluene solvent. In this study, the effect of various parameters such as concentration, temperature, and pressure on the amount of absorption of these two gases has been evaluated. Finally, we found that the current process shows very good selectivity between ethylene and ethane. Additionally, there is a trade-off between the absorption and selectivity of ethylene. With increasing pressure, the capacity of ethylene absorption increases, but the selectivity decreases. At low pressures, the selectivity increases, but the capacity decreases. The maximum selectivity of ethylene to ethane is achieved at the lowest possible pressure, but the low capacity of ethylene at low pressures is a limiting factor for optimal process design.

  Separation of theethylene/ethane mixture by the cryogenic distillation method is a process withsignificant energy consumption and high operating and capital costs due to theclose boiling point of the components and their low relative volatility and similarmolecule sizes. Reducing these costs and lowering energy consumption requiresan efficient separation procedure, and adsorption separation is a promisingenergy-efficient process for ethylene/ethane separation among the separationmethods. In order to use the adsorption separation process successfully,providing an adsorbent that can perform separation at low pressures andtemperatures near ambient is a necessity.The Cu-MOF-74 metal-organicframework is utilized as an adsorbent in this research to separate ethylene andethane. Because of the open metal sites, this framework is favorable for theformation of complexes with unsaturated hydrocarbons (ethylene). One of thepurposes of this research is to investigate and measure ethylene and ethaneadsorption at 278, 298, 313, and 353 K temperatures and to provide the isothermparameters. Additionally, the conventional methods of synthesis oforganic-metallic frameworks have been investigated, and the mechano-chemicalsynthesis method was chosen to synthesize this MOF. Prior to that, wedeveloped, evaluated, and reported scalable techniques for synthesis inindustrial production for them, as well as optimized their operating parametersdue to the unavailability of some of the required raw materials and theexpensive cost of some due to their rarities.Disodium hydroquinone saltwas synthesized using water as a solvent, and an effective approach forproducing it in the industry with a high yield was provided. In contrast toearlier techniques, this one is carried out at room temperature and pressure anddoesn't require the use of hazardous, expensive, or hazardous solvents. The2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHTA) ligand was subsequently synthesized usingthis compound, and the DHTA synthesis's operational parameters have beenoptimized. These parameters, which were used to synthesize the chemical with an83% concentration, are temperature (200 ?), pressure (10 bar), the molar ratioof the catalyst to the reactant (2.085), and the reaction time (4.18 hours).Finally, the synthesized DHTA was used to produce Cu-MOF-74 adsorbent. Themaximum amount of adsorption for ethylene and ethane, respectively, was 7.33and 5.26 mmol/g, determined by measuring the amount of adsorption at 278 K. Theamount of adsorption and selectivity decreased and increased, respectively,with increasing temperature. The maximum selectivity occurred at 313 K, andethylene was adsorbed more than twice as much as ethane.

  امروزه پلي اتيلن يكي ازپرمصرف ترين پلاستيك ها در جهان مي باشد.مقاومت شيميايي بـالا، خـواص مكـانيكي مناسـب، خـواص الكتريكي و عايق بودن، قيمت مناسب، تنوع و فرايند پذيري آسان پلي اتيلن را درزمره پلاستيك هاي پرمصرف قرار داده است. با اين وجود دماي سرويس دهي پايين، مقاومت كم در مقابل شعله و نفوذ پذيري زياد در مقابل گازها كاربردهاي اين مـاده را در برخي از محصولات صنعتي محدود كرده است. يكي از راه هاي غلبه بر چنين نقائصي استفاده از پركننده هاي ويـژه و همچنـين شبكه اي كردن مي باشد. شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن را به ماده اي گرماسخت تبديل ميكند كه علاوه بردارا بودن دماي سرويس دهي بالاتر، استحكام ضربه بالاتر، بازدهي حرارتي بهتر و مقاومت شيميايي بالاتري دارد. روش هاي شبكه اي پلي اتـيلن.در ميـان روش هاي مختلف شبكه اي كردن پلي اتيلن روش سيلاني كه از سهولت فرايند و عدم نياز بـه تجهيـزات گـران قيمـت و قابليـت كاربرد در محصولات مختلف مانند سيم و كابل، لوله و فيلم برخوردار اسـت در ايـن پـروژه اسـتفاده شـده اسـت. بـا توجـه بـه اهميت ساختار مولكولي و نظر به توليد گريدهاي مختلف پلي اتيلن در داخل كشور و روند رو به رشد اسـتفاده از ايـن مـواد در جهان در اين پروژه اثر ساختار مولكولي و توپولوژي بر روي گرافت شدن و شبكه اي شدن پلي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف وآلياژهـاي آنها بررسي شده است. در بخش ديگري از كار اثرافزودن EVA و نانورس بر خواص پلـي اتـيلن شـبكه اي مـورد مطالعـه قـرار گرفته است. همچنين خواص حرارتي و رئولـوژيكي نمونـه هـاي پخـت شـده و گرافـت شـده بررسـي شـده اسـت. مشخصـات مولكولي مواد مانند اوزان مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني، توزيع وزن مولكـولي، ميـزان و نـوع شـاخه، ميـزان گروه هـاي غيـر اشباع توسط آزمونهاي كروماتوگرافي ژل تراوايي، طيف سنجي رزونانس مغناطيسي هسته و طيف سنجي زير قرمزمحاسبه شد. ميزان گرافت شدن توسط آزمون طيف سنجي زيرقرمزتبديل فوريه و خواص شبكه توسط آزمون هاي درصد ژل، تـورم و -Hot set مطالعه شده است. واكنش گرافت شدن در حالت مذاب با استفاده از وينيل تـري متوكسـي سـيلان ودي كيوميـل پراكسـيد انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد كه وزن مولكولي مهمترين پارامتردر تغييرات ميزان گرافت شـدن مـي باشـد. ميـزان گرافـت شـدن بـا افزايش وزن مولكولي متوسط عددي و وزني زياد شد. افزايش تعداد شاخه هاي جانبي به دليل كاهش حجـم حلقـه پليمـري در مواردي مي تواند باعث كاهش ميزان گرافت شدن شود اما حضور گروه هاي غيراشـباع موجـب افـزايش ميـزان گرافـت شـدن سيلان مي شود. ترتيب ميزان گرافت شدن مطابق LDPE› HDPE› LLDPE و ترتيـب ميـزان درصـد ژل و سـرعت شـبكه اي شدن عموما به صورت HDPE› LLDPE› LDPE بود. به دليل حضور دو جزء سل و ژل رفتار ذوب و بلورينگي نمونه هاي پخت شده نشان از غير يكنواختي در ساختار مولكولي را مي دهد ودر صد بلورينگي در اثر شبكه اي شدن كاهش يافت. رفتـار رئولوژيكي در حالت ديناميك به شدت تحت تاثير گرافت شدن سيلان قرار مي گيرد. افزودن EVA بـه پلـي اتيلنهـاي مختلـف باعث افزايش درصد ژل و سرعت شبكه اي شدن به ويژه براي HDPE شد با اين وجـود هيچكـدام از نمونـه هـاي آلياژشـده بـا EVA نتوانستند با موفقيت آزمون set-Hot را پشت سربگذراننـد. نـانورس خـالص در دوفراينـد متفـاوت يكـي قبـل از واكـنش گرافت شدن و ديگري بعد از آن به پلي ا تيلن سبك خطي اضافه شد. نتايج نشان داد كه افزودن نانورس خالص باعـث افـزايش درصد ژل و افزايش سرعت شبكه اي شدن مي شود. اين افزايش به ويژه در حالتيكه نانورس بعد از واكنش گرافت شدن اضافه شود بسيار قابل ملاحظه مي باشد. نتايج FTIR احتمال انجام واكنش شيميايي بين گروههاي نانورس با سيلان داد.همچنين نتـايج XRD نشاندهنده اينتركليت شدن نانورس در اثر مخلوط شدن با پلي اتين گرافت شده با سيلان كه قطبيت بالايي بـود. بـاافزودن نانورس و شبكه اي شدن غير يكنواختي در رفتار ذوب و كاهش درصد بلـورينگي مشـاهده شـد. ويسـكوزيته مركـب و مـدول ذخيره در اثرافزودن نانورس به پلي اتيلن گرافت شده افزايش يافتند.

  Today, different societies are well aware of the impact it has on the environment around them and are trying to protect their environment. Also, in modern societies, people are looking for natural places, which can be achieved through tourism. Natural environments are considered suitable places for ecotourism, and due to the relationship between architecture and the natural environment, it is felt necessary to pay attention to the sustainable architecture of ecotourism; Also, due to the fact that the ecotourism industry has become one of the top industries in the world and the need to deal with it as a suitable alternative to the oil-dependent economy and the existence of Iran's potential for the development of ecotourism, we can mention ecotourism as a suitable alternative to oil revenues. Therefore, in this research, what is taken into consideration is the sustainable architecture of ecotourism in line with the sustainable environmental and economic development of this type of architecture. According to the studies conducted in this research, the result was that in ecotourism architecture, nomadic architecture was not used or was used less, for this purpose, the use of nomadic tent structures in the field of sustainable ecotourism architecture with i  iration from the life and architecture of Iranian nomads. It can be an innovative design in the sustainable design of this type of architecture, and by using and combining the principles of nomadic tent design, such as being mobile and prefabricated, being light, cheap and cost-effective, as well as being more compatible with nature, it can be a step towards improving the architecture of tent structures with today's technologies. Designing ecotourism residences. As a result, the goal of designing this type of sustainable ecotourism accommodation based on and modeling the life of nomads is that it is compatible with the environment of each climate and economically sustainable, that is, it seeks sustainable production and job creation in tourism and host areas. Also, in this research, a new concept of ecotourism has been tried in such a way that the ecotourism camp or residence is based on the pattern of nomadic life and moves seasonally between tourist and tourism areas. In this type of design, everything is portable and it can be said that it is a minimal architecture. Some services such as accommodation and equipment are taken from one place to another, and some other services such as food and handicrafts are produced and supplied in the new place according to the region and climate.

Hydrochloric acid is commonly used in matrix acidizing in carbonate reservoirs, but is problematic in deep wells due to its high reactivity and tendency to form sludge when the acid comes into contact with asphaltic crude oil. Additionally, HCl-based acids are highly corrosive to well tubing. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of hybrid acids. Formic acid, as one of the main organic acids, along with pure HCl, is often used in the acidification of oil fields. This ionized acid is weak and shows a slow reaction and is less corrosive than mineral acids and has inhibitory capabilities. Our goal in this research is to investigate the effect of hybrid hydrochloric-formic acid on samples of carbonate rock and compare it with pure HCl acid, as well as to investigate changes in the concentration and duration of the effects of these two types of acid on carbonate rock. The positive effect of using hybrid acids compared to pure HCl acid is evident in the test results, which we will discuss in detail later. In this research, the aim is to measure the optimal concentration for an acid that can be used at high temperature, and this acid is used for use in one of Iran's oil formations. For this, the method of kinetic calculations based on titration was used. The design of the experiment was considered by RSM method with two factors of hydrochloric acid concentration and formic acid concentration at two levels of 5-15 for HCl acid and two levels of 5-10 for FA acid. In this research, to evaluate the best concentration of hybrid acid, experimental design and qualitative analysis of the results obtained from the experiments were used, and the concentration of 10% hydrochloric acid and 7.5% formic acid was obtained as the best concentration of hybrid acid. At the end, kinetic experiments were performed at three temperatures of 40, 60, and 80 degrees Celsius on acid with optimal concentration along with stone to calculate the kinetic parameters of the reaction. The results showed that two separate first-order reactions occurred. During the first 28 minutes of the reaction, the dominant acid was hydrochloric acid, and from the 33rd minute onwards, the dominant mechanism was with formic acid. The amount of activation energy was calculated in the first stage for hydrochloric acid 192/8267 J/mol and in the second stage it was obtained for formic acid 9334/127 J/mol.   

acidizing   is the most useful method to deal with damage to the formation. The reservoir rock must have high permeability so that the fluid is not trapped in the pores of the rock. In the design of acidizing operation, one of the biggest problems is determining the amount of effective parameters in well stimulation.In this research, we try to control the reaction rate at high temperature in the oil wells of Azar field by using a mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid. Mixing inorganic acid with organic acid can have many advantages in controlling the reaction rate, especially in high temperature formations. The prerequisite for using this mixture is a detailed knowledge of the kinetics of the stone dissolution reaction in acid. In this research, the changes in the kinetics of rock reaction from calcite carbonate outcrop and the mixture of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid were investigated in the framework of a quick and low-cost test. All the experiments related to the research were conducted in three phases, in the first phase experiments were conducted to learn more about the testing process and to observe the difference between the corrosion of the sample rock with mineral acid and hybrid acid. In the second phase, the goal was to obtain the optimal point, for this purpose Minitab software was used, and according to the intended result and the applications of the central composite design method, this method was used. The range of concentrations was defined as 5 to 15 for hydrochloric acid and 5 to 10 for acetic acid. A total of 13 experiments were obtained, which were tested at a temperature of 50 degrees. The answers obtained from the second phase tests were entered into Minitab software in two ways: all concentrations at different times and all normalized concentrations at different times. But both methods did not have the desired results and could not be used in further research. To continue the research process, the qualitative analysis of the graphs obtained from the experiments was used. According to their analysis, the concentration of 5% hydrochloric acid and 5% acetic acid was chosen as the optimal concentration. In the third phase of experiments, the optimal concentration obtained was tested at temperatures of 40, 60 and 80 degrees Celsius. The comparison of the profile of concentration changes of two samples showed that acetic acid had the ability to replace the consumed H+ ions with continuous and gradual dissociation. Compared to pure hydrochloric acid, this compound has a higher final concentration of 2 M, and at the same time, its reaction speed is lower than pure hydrochloric acid. Therefore, in addition to the positive effects of organic acid on corrosion and control of iron ions, it is also possible to dissolve rock in greater depths of the tank.   

در اين تحقيق، پديده خوردگي سايشي در تجهيزات فرآيندي حامل جريان سيال همراه با ذرات جامد مورد مطالعه قرار گرفت و با استفاده از تكنيك شبيه سازي ديناميك سيالات محاسباتي با بكارگيري نرم افزار كامسول پارامترهاي مؤثر بر خوردگي سايشي بررسي شده‌اند. در اين راستا درون مجراهاي حامل جريان هوا و ماسه با انحناهاي 45،60،90،120،135 و 180 درجه پديده خوردگي سايشي ضمن برخورد ذرات جامد جريان با ديواره لوله وخم شبيه سازي شد نوع ذرات، ماسه و اندازه ذرات موجود در سيال m150? در نظر گرفته شد و مدل‌هاي اصلي خوردگي سايشي شامل مدل Finnie،E/CRC،OKA و DNV در اين شبيه سازي لحاظ شد. براي شبيه سازي جريان سيال با توجه به آشفته بودن جريان از مدل k-? استفاده شد. دماي عملياتي 20?C، سرعت جريان هوا 11M/S و فشار خروجي مجرا 1atm درنظر گرفته شد. نتايج بدست آمده از اين شبيه سازي شامل بررسي پارامترهاي ديناميكي جريان و اثر پارامترهاي مختلف مانند سرعت، اندازه ذرات، دانسيته ذرات، قطر مجرا و...، بررسي مسير حركت ذرات و تشخيص نقاط مهم خوردگي است. بررسي اثر پارامترهاي مختلف بر روي خوردگي سايشي به صورت كمي در قالب نمودار و جدول ارائه شد اما تشخيص نقاط مهم سايش و بررسي پارامترهاي ديناميكي و نحوه حركت ذرات به صورت كيفي گزارش شد. اين نتايج نشان داد كه با افزايش سرعت سيال، دبي ذرات و افزايش انحناي مجرا خوردگي افزايش يافت و با افزايش قطر ذرات، دانسيته ذرات، قطر لوله خوردگي سايشي كاهش يافت. محل بيشتر سايش براي زانويي 45 و 60 درجه در انتهاي انحنا بود. براي زانويي 120 و 135 درجه حداكثر نرخ سايش در وسط خم رخ داد. ضمناً براي خم 180 درجه دو ناحيه با نرخ سايش بالا در زانويي وجود دارد. با تغيير سيال درون لوله از هوا به آب نرخ سايش حدود 90% كاهش پيدا كرد و براي سيال آب با افزايش قطر ذرات نرخ سايش افزايش پيدا كرد.   اهميت مطالعه تجزيه و تحليل ديناميك سيالات محاسباتي براي مطالعه نرخ سايش با استفاده از كامسول پيش‌بيني بهتري از نقاط مهم خوردگي، برنامه‌ريزي اقدامات پيشگيرانه براي كاهش وقوع سايش، برنامه تعمير و نگهداري و صرفه‌جويي در هزينه با كاهش زمان خرابي ارائه مي‌كند.   

it is necessary to restore the membrane by cleaning or replacing membrane . by mathematical modeling of flux reduction, different mechanisms of membrane fouling can be identified and then the amount of membrane fouling can be reduced. In this study, polyether sulfone membranes were made by phase inversion method. filtration has been done with single, double and triple feed solutions of sodium alginate, humic acid and kaolinite. modeling of laboratory data with single mechanisms of Hermia and combined models of Bolton have been done in constant pressure mode. For all feed solutions, all 9 single and combined models were checked by nonlinear regression method and by minimizing sum of squared error (SSE) and model parameters including K and J0 were calculated. The most consistent fouling model with the highest R2 value and the lowest RMSE value have been selected. All the dominant mechanisms in the fouling of the solutions except the kaolinite solution showed R2 greater than 0.99, and for the kaolinite solution, the value of R2 equal to 0.98 was obtained. Finally, based on the appropriate model chosen for each feed, membrane regeneration has been done by physical method or combined method. Regeneration of the membrane taken with kaolinite solution was done by physical cleaning method and for other solutions by combined method. The results of the triple feed solution showed that only a combined or classical mechanism cannot represent the membrane fouling behavior. In this solution, first the standard blocking-cake filtration model and then the two standard blocking-cake filtration and intermediate blocking-cake filtration models are compatible with the flux reduction data Showed. SEM images of the surface of clean membrane and fouled membrane with feed solutions with different compositions show the severity of fouling in mixed feed. Finally, based on the appropriate model chosen for each feed, membrane regeneration has been done by physical method or combined method. Regeneration of the fouled membrane with kaolinite solution was done by physical cleaning method and for other solutions by combined method. The highest flux recovery is reported for kaolinite solution with 93.8% and the lowest flux recovery for triple feed with 85.7%.

با توجه به نياز روز افزون منابع انرژي، سطح مصرف انرژي در جهان افزايش يافته است. از اين رو دسترسي كشورهاي درحال توسعه به انواع منابع جديد انرژي بويژه انرژي هاي پاك اهميت اساسي دارد و با توجه به كم شدن ذخاير محدود انرژي فسيلي و همچنين دلايل زيست محيطي ديگر نمي توان به آن متكي بود. از اين رو استفاده از انرژي هاي پاك مانند انرژي باد مي تواند جايگاه ويژه اي داشته باشد. در اين بررسي عملكرد انواع توربين هاي بادي، بويژه توربين هاي بدون پره و آشنايي با پديده جريان هاي گردابي كه اساس توربين هاي بدون پره را تشكيل مي دهد ارائه شده است. از اين رو در اين راستا طراحي، مدلسازي و شبيه سازي اين نوع توربين هاي بدون پره انجام شد .ابتدا شبيه سازي دو بعدي سيستم هاي گردابي در حالت استوانه ساكن در رينولدز هاي 60 و 40 انجام شد. در ادامه چهار نوع هندسه ي مختلف دايره، نيم دايره، قيف و نيم دايره-مربع طراحي و شبيه سازي دو بعدي گردابي نوساني VIV آن، در اين چهار هندسه ها در رينولدز 51600 انجام و مقادير جابجايي در جهت عرضي، نيرو هاي درگ و ليفت و ضرايب آنها و همچنين الگوي جريان گردابي پشت اين اجسام بررسي شد. مشخص شد كه هندسه ي نيم دايره-مربع بيشترين مقدار فركانس رابا مقدار 5.747 هرتز نسبت به ساير هندسه ها دارد.   در ادامه مهمترين پارامتر تاثير گذار عدد بدون بعد رينولدز بر عملكرد اين نوع هندسه در سه محدوده ي 30000 ، 51600 و 100000 بررسي و مشخص شد هندسه ي مورد نظر در محدوده ي رينولدز 100000 بيشترين تعداد نوسان جابجايي و سرعت و ضريب ليفت را دارد.

در اين تحقيق از ديناميك سيالات محاسباتي براي شبيه سازي عملكرد يك يا چند كولر هوايي ( بسته به انتخاب اينكه اين مجموعه بايد بر روي اين خط سيال فرايندي نصب باشند) در شرايط موجود استفاده مي شود. نتايج شبيه سازي CFD جهت تاييد اعتبار با داده هاي تجربي موجود مقايسه خواهند شد. پس از تاييد قابليت شبيه سازي CFD ، اثر تغيير پارامترهاي هندسي ( اعم از تغيير گذرهاي لوله هاي سيال فرآيندي، تغيير آرايش هاي سري- موازي در جريان سيال فرآيندي، تغيير در فاصله كولر هاي هوايي نسبت به خط سيال فرايندي، تغيير در زاويه پره ها و ... ) و همچنين شرايط عملياتي بر روي عملكرد كولرهاي هوايي در خط فرايندي مورد نظر از ديدگاه شبيه سازي بررسي خواهد شد. لازم به ذكر است كه در صورتي قرار است قابليت اجرايي هر يك از تغييرات هندسي بررسي شود بايد جوانب مختلف اعم از افت فشار، توزيه مناسب در آرايش هاي موازي و ... مد نظر قرار گيرد. به طور كلي، هدف از بررسي پارامترهاي هندسي بهبود بخشيدن مكانيسم تاثيرگذاري آنها در عملكرد كولر است. بر اين اساس به به روش انتقال حرارت بين هوا و سيال دقت كرد مي توان چنين استنباط كرد كه به علت انتقال حرارت جابجايي اجباري بين هواي محيط و ديوار خارجي لوله هايي كه سيال در آن جريان دارد، دماي ديواره كاهش مي يابد. سپس با توجه به انتقال حرارت هدايتي در ديواره لوله هاي انتقال حرارتي بين ديواره داخلي و خارجي رخ مي دهد و در نهايت مجدداً به علت انتقال حرارت جابجايي بين ديواره داخلي لوله و سيال داخل لوله، سيال داخل لوله ها خنك مي شود. باتوجه به مكانيسم هاي انتقال حرارت موجود در فن هايي هوايي مي توان نتيجه گرفت كه ارائه راهكارهاي متفاوت در هر كدام با هدف افزايش انتقال حرارت مي تواند منجر به افزايش بازده اي كولر هاي هوايي گردد. از طرفي ديگر،   منظور از شرايط عملياتي بررسي دور فن هاي گردش هوا، شرايط دمايي و فشاري سيال ورودي به كولر جهت خنك سازي است. البته در تغيير هر كدام از اين پارامترها براي رسيدن به حالت بهينه جهت افزايش راندمان كولرهاي هوايي بايد شرايط عملياتي تجهيزات بالادست و پايين دست را نيز در نظر گرفت.   

Microstrip lines are good candidates for designing microwave filters, power amplifiers, inventors. With other elements of microwave circuits on a circuit board, he pointed out. Other applications of microstrip lines include waveguides, oscillators, and microwave power dividers.  

   An epileptic seizure is recognized as a neurological disorder caused by transient and unex- pected disturbance resulting from the excessive synchronous activity of the neurons in the brain. Analy- sis of epileptic seizures derived from long-term recordings of electroencephalogram (EEG) is cumbersome and time consuming for a neurologist. Therefore, introducing an automated detection system surrogate the neurologist involvement all time and speed up the treatment procedure. Methods: This study introduces a matrix determinant of EEG as a significant feature for recognition of epileptic seizures. Initially, artifact-free filtered EEG time series was arranged sequentially to form a square matrix of order, namely 13, 16, 23, and 32 and determinant was estimated. Assumed that the total elements in the square matrix represent a typical segmentation length. The experiment was conducted using EEG database obtained from the University of Bonn and Ramaiah Medical College and Hospital (RMCH). In total, eleven classification problems among non-epileptic group and epileptic EEG were com- posed to examine temporal dynamics of brain activity in different states of the epileptic activity. Next, the extracted feature was classified using support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (K-NN), multi- layer perceptron (MLP) classifiers with 10-fold cross-validation. Results: Experimental results revealed the highest classification accuracy of 99.45% (using University of Bonn) and 97.56% (using RMCH). Between normal and epileptic EEG. In addition, other classification prob- lems and matrix orders showed better results using all the classifiers. Further, descriptive analysis, his- togram plot in polar coordinates and the bivariate histogram analysis was performed. In conclusion, ma- trix determinant found to be a potential biomarker for the real-time detection of epileptic seizure with minimal computational complexity

In recent years, porous liquids have emerged as a new type of porous material that combines the characteristics of permanent porosity and hardness of porous solids and fluidity, rapid heat transfer and mass transfer of liquids. Compared to porous solids, porous liquids have attracted more attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. They have wide application aspects in the fields of gas adsorption and separation, homogeneous catalysis and so on. Porous liquids are usually divided into three categories based on the composition of the host system in porous liquids which are type I, type II and type III. In the design and synthesis of porous liquids, the preparation of type I porous liquids is usually objective and cannot be accurately designed. For porous cage-based porous liquids type II, the design of rigid porous cages is a major part of the liquid design. For a type III porous liquid based on porous nanoparticles such as MOF, the key is to choose a suitable bulk solvent. Due to the widespread use of porous liquids, their production cost is still high and can not be used in industry. Experiments to investigate the formation of stable porous liquid are costly and time-consuming. One way to reduce these costs is to perform molecular dynamics simulations. In this study, the aim is to provide a comprehensive model for examining pairs of selected materials before the experiment. In this research, to confirm the model, the two compounds of triethylene glycol + ZIF-8 and water + ZIF-8 were simulated and matched with the results of experiments presented in the articles due to the lack of penetration of triethylene glycol in ZIF-8 and Also, obtaining the zeta potential of 164.58, which indicated the stability of the suspension, confirmed the correct results of the proposed model. Then, the selected fluid materials were designed in Materials Materials Studio software and using the structures presented for ZIF-8 and HKUST-1 in the papers; molecular dynamics simulations were performed to select the appropriate pair of materials to produce porous liquid in terms of impermeability. The highest error rate was 11.2, which seems appropriate. Here the best compounds in terms of fluid penetration into the solid structure were presented. Then the zeta potential parameter was obtained to evaluate the stability of the compounds presented in the previous step by programming in Lammps software. Finally, the compounds ZIF-8 + 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene, ZIF-8 + 1,3,5-Triisopropylcyclohexane and HKUST-1 + 1,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexane were presented as the best compounds for the production of porous liquid.   

  Abstract

  olving the existing problems is of considerable importance in cities due to its significant impact on the development of communities. In recent years, the problem of marginalization has emerged as a result in cities. This phenomenon stems from factors such as poverty and unplanned migration, and leads to issues such as unemployment, increased unskilled labor, and urban insecurity. Kermanshah has a high percentage of informal settlement in the country. In this city, the Silk Garden neighborhood is one of the areas that suffers from this issue. This neighborhood, which is adjacent to Razi University, also has many capabilities, including one of the cases that Razi University can be mentioned to solve its problems. In this research, a shared workspace plan will be presented to empower this neighborhood. Because according to previous research, the role of the parent organization (here Razi University) in the formation and life of reproductive companies is not negligible. This solution, which can be shaped by the participation of knowledge in business and wealth creation, provides a cheap space with the desired facilities for the stops, so that by connecting the students in the industry, as a result, the country can progress and face retail. Create buildings and increase the culture of the region. Another necessity that was considered for the implementation of this plan is to change the prevailing thinking in these neighborhoods; Which is followed by the entry of a large number of people or investment according to the guarantee that there is a return on investment.. Such knowledge-based spaces have had positive effects on their environment, both in foreign examples (such as the French F-station) and in domestic examples (such as the Tehran Innovation Factory).

2 ) نقش مهمي در استخراج و خالص سازي مواد دارويي به كمك اين متدولوژي قدرتمند و دوستدار محيط زيست را دارد. از طرفي زمانبر و هزينه بر بودن دستيابي به داده هاي تعادلي حلاليت و حساس بودن برخي مواد دارويي به حرارت، ضرورت مدلسازي حلاليت مواد دارويي در SC-CO2 را افزايش مي دهد. در اين مطالعه با استفاده از تكنيك برنامه نويسي بيان ژني (GEP) و 743مجموعه داده جمع آوري شده از literature ،حلاليت ACDs در SC-CO2 در محدوده ي شرايط عملياتي وسيعي ( k308-348/2   و400 bar -80 ) مورد پيش بيني قرار گرفت. متغير هاي مستقل ورودي مدل دماو فشارعملياتي(T,P) ،جرم مولكولي   (MWACDs)و نقطه ي ذوب (MPACDs) ACDs انتخاب شدند. به منظور دستيابي به حداكثر برازندگي تابع هدف بر اساس حداقل نمودن خطا، پارامترهاي قابل تنظيم مدل GEP جهت بهينه شدند. پارامترهاي آماري ضريب تعيين، RMSE وMAE مدل بترتيب معادل با0/986 ،0/0178و0/0124 براي داده هاي Trainingو0/980 ،0/0176و 0/0127براي داده هاي   validaitionو Test حاصل شد. همچنين جهت بررسي ميزان تاثير هر كدام از متغيرهاي مستقل بر ميزان حلاليت آناليز حساسيت انجام شد. نتايج نشان داد جرم مولكولي و نقطه ذوب دارو به ترتيب بيشترين و كمترين تاثير را بر حلاليت داشتند. اثرات دما،فشار و MWACDs بر حلاليت ACDs در   C-CO2بررسي   شد. با افزايش دما به دليل غلبه ي فشار بخار ACDsحلاليت افزايش يافت. افزايش فشار با افزايش قدرت حلال پوشي و دانسيته ي SC-CO2   ميزان حلاليت را افزايش داد. با افزايش MWACDs به دليل افزايش تعداد اتم هاي كربن ACDs و تمايل به سمت غير قطبي بودن دارو، اثر افزايشي بر ميزان حلاليت داشت .نتايج نشان داد تكنيك   GEP مي تواند نتايج رضايت بخشي براي مدلسازي حلاليت ACDs درSC-CO2 نشان داد.   

پارامتر بسيار حائز اهميت است.   

  Abstract:Today, using artificial intelligent and machine learning algorithms, we see improvements in intelligent tra  ortation industry, especially automatic vehicles that can analyze the information about them by using advanced sensors and machine vision techniques. The main challenge in design of this type of vehicles is identification of other vehicles around the vehicle’s path. The main objective of this thesis is to provide a method for identifying type of emergency vehicles based on deep learning. Considering the importance of passing emergency vehicles on roads and streets, non - drive vehicles should be able to identify this type of vehicles with high accuracy and have an appropriate response.In this thesis, to identify the type of emergency vehicles, methods based on deep learning are proposed which feature extraction and ltr">

مدل‌سازي   CFD به عنوان ابزاري قدرتمند براي بهينه‌سازي و مدل‌سازي سيستم‌هاي پيچيده است. با استفاده از مدل CFD اثر پارمترهاي مختلف بر اندازه ذرات و توزيع آن‌ها بررسي مي‌شود. ازكاربردهاي نتايج پايان‌نامه توزيع اندازه ذرات در همان مكان‌هايي كه در اندازه‌گيري‌هاي تجربي موجود در اسپري انجام شده‌است، مي‌باشد. و همچنين روشي را براي بهبود توانايي كدهاي ديناميكي سيالات محاسباتي (CFD) براي مدل‌سازي مكانيسم‌هاي اتمايزيشن مايع كه با عث كاهش هزينه و افزايش راندمان شود، ارائه مي‌دهد.حمل دارو در مباحث پزشكي و داروسازي همواره از اهميت بالايي برخوردار بوده است. به دليل خاصيت تخريب پذيري نانوذرات پليمري داروهاي حمل شده توسط اين پليمرها به طور كنترل شده‌اي در سيستم‌هاي بيولوژيكي آزاد شده   و سبب افزايش اثرگذاري دارو در بدن مي‌شوند. انتقال و جدايش دارو به شدت تحت تاثير اندازه ي نانوذرات و پلي ديسپرسيتي(توزيع اندازه ي ذرات) است تا بدين وسيله دارو درون كپسولي احاطه شود.همچنين اين پايان‌نامه در سيستم‌هاي توليد نانو ذرات با استفاده از اتمايزر و فيلم ريزان از جمله دارورساني هدفمند كه براي آن توزيع اندازه ذرات قابل كنترل باشد، كاربردي است.  هدف از اين كار ارزيابي تكنيك‌هاي مختلف براي مدل‌سازي اتمايزيشن سيستم توليد نانوذرات براي تكميل اندازه‌گيري‌هاي تجربي قبلي است. همچنين مي‌توان به طراحي روش تلفيقي جديد براي توليد اين نانوذرات با توزيع اندازه يكنواخت اشاره كرد. و همچنين روشي را براي بهبود توانايي كدهاي ديناميكي سيالات محاسباتي (CFD) براي مدل‌سازي مكانيسم‌هاي اتمايزيشن مايع ارائه مي‌دهد.نبولايزر  وسيله‌اي براي رساندن دارو به قسمت‌هاي مختلف دستگاه تنفس از طريق استنشاق مي‌باشند، اين درمان بخصوص در وضعيت‌هايي مانند  برونشيت  و  آسم  شديد بسيار مؤثر هستند و به دليل سريع بودن تأثير دارو و جلوگيري از تأثير دارو بر بافت‌هاي ديگر بدن بسيار مورد توجه مي‌باشد.نبولايزرها به دو گروه كلي مكانيكال Homemade) ، Soft mist inhaler و( Human powered nebulizer   و الكتريكال Vibrating mesh technology) ، Vibrating mesh technology و اولتراسونيك ( تقسيم بندي مي‌شوند: -  پنوماتيك (فعال شده توسط هواي فشرده): جهت رساندن ذرات نبولايز شده دارو به برونش‌ها، بايداين اجزاء به اندازه‌هاي حداقل 5 تا 10ميكرون تبديل شوند.-  تكنولوژي مش كپ (Vibrating meshtechnology): براي تأثير بر برونشيول‌ها به اندازه 2 تا 6 ميكرون كوچك شوند.اولتراسونيك (Ultrasonic wave nebulizer): درصورتيكه اين دارو به ذرات حدود نيم تا دو ميكرون تبديل شوند بر  آلوئولها  اثر خواهند گذاشت. كوچك شدن اندازه ذرات دارو بستگي به نوع دارو و جايگاه اثرآن‌ها خواهد داشت لذا از تكنولوژي‌هاي مختلف براي نبولايز استفاده مي‌شود.تئوري فيلم مايع ريزان به حركت سيال در مجاورت سطح جامد گفته مي‌شود كه در اين تئوري حركت سيال درهم بوده و انتقال جرم از سطح جامد به سيال صورت مي‌گيرد. در اين تئوري فرض مي‌شود كه تغييرات غلظت در يك لايه خيلي نازك صورت مي‌گيرد. در خارج از اين لايه غلظت ثابت است و درون اين لايه جريان آرام و انتقال از طريق نفوذ صورت مي‌گيرد. انتقال دارو از طريق نانوذرات و با استفاده از فرمولاسيون خاص، از پرطرفدارترين حوزه‌ها در نانوتكنولوژي محسوب مي‌شود. با گذر از ميكروذرات به نانوذرات (ذراتي با ابعاد 1 تا 100 نانومتر)، تغييراتي در برخي خواص فيزيكي اتفاق مي‌افتد كه افزايش نسبت سطح به حجم و ورود اندازه ذره به قلمرو اثرات كوانتومي از موارد مهم آن هستند. يكي از روش هاي معمول صورت گرفته جهت توليد نانوذرات، روش ژلاسيون يوني است. در اين روش يك برهم‌كنش الكتروستاتيكي بين گروه آمين پروتونه شده در مولكول نانوذره و يك گروه آنيوني، موجب تشكيل نانوذرات مي‌شود. در تحقيقات صورت گرفته با استفاده از روش ژلاسيون يوني، براي بررسي اندازه و مرفولوژي نانوذرات، پارامترهاي زيادي از جمله وزن مولكولي نانوذره، نسبت وزني (غلظت) نانوذره به عامل آنيوني ، PH و...مورد بررسي قرار گرفته‌است.

In this study, simulation of solar chimney thermal performance in the presence of phase change material (PCM) as thermal energy storage by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) at two thermal powers 1200 W and 800 W for melting process in closed and open heating states and freezing process in Closed and open channels were examined. In closed heating mode, in order to store energy, thermal power is applied by the PCM, and in open channel mode, the heated air is transferred to the environment by thermal evacuation. In order to perform fluid dynamics analysis, the performance of the device with PCM has been investigated using Comsol software. The solar chimney studied in this project consists of three main parts including: PCM chamber, absorber plate and air duct. According to the definition, first the thermal energy is transferred to the fluid and the adsorbent plate and consequently the PCM and also the heat input leads to an increase in the temperature of the fluid inside the duct and is converted into kinetic energy and as a result the fluid flows into the chimney. And causes heat transfer to the environment. The geometry of the solar chimney device is designed with the actual dimensions of the chimney made in the reference. In the next step a PCM system was used. These materials have been used to improve heat transfer inside the solar chimney and have been simulated by CFD. Parameters such as the velocity of the fluid entering the channel, the thermal conductivity of the absorber plate and the thermal conductivity of the PCM have a great effect on the melting time of the PCM and also the specific heat capacity and latent heat of the PCM on energy storage. It affects. The results of simulation of the process of melting the PCM showed that by applying the power of 1200 W of closed and open heating, the time required for melting is 3 hours and 10 minutes and 4 hours and 30 minutes respectively, while in the experimental study these values It is 3 hours, 4 hours and 15 minutes, respectively. Also, the freezing time in the simulation in closed and open air channel mode is 7 hours and 40 minutes, 6 hours and 30 minute   respectively, while in the experimental study, these values ??are 7 hours and 10 minutes, 6 hours and 20 minutes. The outlet temperature of the solar chimney in the simulation is 1200 W in heating mode depending on 69 °C, which is 71 °C in the experimental work. Also at 1200 W in open heating mode the output temperature in the simulation is 51 °C and this value is 49 °C in the experimental study. According to the simulated and laboratory results, it is evident that the PCM system increases the temperature of the exhaust air to heat the environment. Comparison of these results with experimental data confirms the accuracy of this analysis.   

Spent caustic is one of the polluted effluents of oil refineries and petrochemical companies, that has a very unpleasant and pungent odor and high amount of COD due to the high content of pollutants such as sulfides, mercaptanes, naphthenic and cresylic acids. because of the type of chemicals, contained in the spent caustic, it can be environmentally hazardous and difficult to treat conventional treatment. In current experimental study, wet air oxidation as an efficient method in this field, is used to treat merox unit spent caustic. the experiments were performed under different condition of temperature, pressure and gas/liquid ratio. The effect of temperature on COD reduction was investigated for first feed. The results showed in three different temperature 130, 145, 160 C the COD reduction is equal to 32%, 36.8% and 46.3% respectively.

Abstract During the past recent years, application of composite material has been taken into account considerably in different industries because of their significant properties including high strength over low weight. Hence, composite material reinforcement is necessary due to their low strength in comparison with metals and alloys. In this way, nanostructures have been taken into consideration according to their prominent and exceptional mechanical, thermal, chemical and electrical properties. Graphene platelet is one of the novel nanostructures in which is investigated as a proper reinforcement for composite structures with their unique properties. In the present thesis, analytical modeling of the low velocity impact on graphene platelet-reinforced composite plates are considered. The material properties of nanoplatelet reinforced composites are estimated using micromechanical models. The equations of motion are based on a first- order shear deformation theory via a mass-spring contact model in order to modeling of low velocity impact loading on a rectangular plate. The equations of motion are solved with Fourier series which is an accurate solution method. The effects of material property gradient, initial velocity of the impactor, volume fraction distribution and length to width ratio on impact response of plate structures are presented. For presented analytical modeling, contact force, deflection, and strain and stress fields are considered, and as a validation the results of contact force and deflection are compared with analytical modeling of other researchers. The results exhibited that, volume fraction distribution has a notable effect on the impact response of the plate. Key words: composite plates- graphene platelet- low velocity impact.

   اجكتور[1]، وسيله اي است كه قادر مي باشد با ايجاد خلاء جريان گاز ، مايع و يا جامد را انتقال دهد، در واقع اجكتور نوعي پمپ خلاء با اين تفاوت كه اساس كار آن بر پايه تبديل انرژي سرعتي و فشاري به يكديگر است، مي باشد. با توجه به ذخائر گاز طبيعي جهان و اينكه بخش اعظم گازهاي مذكور حاوي سولفيد هيدروژن[2]   بوده و به اصطلاح ترش مي باشند. در اين پژوهش، اجكتور موجود در واحد بازيافت و توليد گوگرد پالايشگاه گاز ايلام مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است، پس از بررسي شرايط عملياتي اجكتور مورد نظر و همچنين اطلاعات فرآيندي پالايشگاه مربوطه، با استفاده از مفاهيم و روابط ترموديناميك مناسب هندسه كامل اجكتور محاسبه و مشخص گرديد، سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار انسيس[3] و شبيه سازي   CFD قسمت هاي مختلف اجكتور، براي رسيدن به بازدهي ارائه شده توسط شركت سازنده تجهيز و بهبود عملكرد اجكتور مورد نظر، شرايط عملياتي جديد بهره برداري اجكتور موجود در پالايشگاه گاز ايلام محاسبه گرديد و   با اين شرايط ، اجكتور مورد نظر از مكش كافي برخوردار خواهد بود. [1]Ejector [2]H2S [3]Ansys اجكتور[1]، وسيله اي است كه قادر مي باشد با ايجاد خلاء جريان گاز ، مايع و يا جامد را انتقال دهد، در واقع اجكتور نوعي پمپ خلاء با اين تفاوت كه اساس كار آن بر پايه تبديل انرژي سرعتي و فشاري به يكديگر است، مي باشد. با توجه به ذخائر گاز طبيعي جهان و اينكه بخش اعظم گازهاي مذكور حاوي سولفيد هيدروژن[2]   بوده و به اصطلاح ترش مي باشند. در اين پژوهش، اجكتور موجود در واحد بازيافت و توليد گوگرد پالايشگاه گاز ايلام مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است، پس از بررسي شرايط عملياتي اجكتور مورد نظر و همچنين اطلاعات فرآيندي پالايشگاه مربوطه، با استفاده از مفاهيم و روابط ترموديناميك مناسب هندسه كامل اجكتور محاسبه و مشخص گرديد، سپس با استفاده از نرم افزار انسيس[3] و شبيه سازي   CFD قسمت هاي مختلف اجكتور، براي رسيدن به بازدهي ارائه شده توسط شركت سازنده تجهيز و بهبود عملكرد اجكتور مورد نظر، شرايط عملياتي جديد بهره برداري اجكتور موجود در پالايشگاه گاز ايلام محاسبه گرديد و   با اين شرايط ، اجكتور مورد نظر از مكش كافي برخوردار خواهد بود. [1]Ejector [2]H2S

   اين پايان نامه با هدف ارائه چارچوبي در راستاي كاهش اثراتزيست محيطي توسعه و ساخت و ساز در محلات مسكوني انجام شده است . روند نامناسبتوسعه در اين بخش سبب پيدايش مشكلات عمده اي در بخش زيست محيطي شده كه عواقب آن مي­تواندادامه حيات بشر در نسل فعلي و نسل هاي آينده را با خطر مواجه سازد . از جمله اينمشكلات مي­توان به افزايش دماي جهان، با آمدن سطح آب هاي آزاد به دنبال ذوب شدن يخهاي قطبي، شكل گيري باران هاي سيل آسا و زير آب رفتن شهرهاي ساحلي در كشورهايمختلف اشاره نمود . در چند دهه اخير و در راستاي تعديل مشكلات شكل گرفته و ايجادتوازن ميان روند توسعه و استفاده از منابع زمين مفهومي به نام توسعه پايدار و درمرحله بعد خودبسندگي شكل گرفت . با توجه به سهم 40 درصدي بخش مسكوني در مصرف انرژي و نيزسهم 26 درصدي در انتشار دي اكسيد كربن به كار گيري راهكارها و اهداف ارائه شده دراين چارچوب مي­تواند منجر به تحقق اهداف توسعه پايدار زيست محيطي در اين بخش گردد.   از سوي ديگر خودبسندگي به عنوان راهكاريبا هدف كاهش ميزان تقاضاي مصرف انرژي و جايگزيني منابع انرژي فسيلي با سوخت هايتجديد و پذير و پاك و استفاده از منابع محلي در راستاي توليد انرژي مي­تواند درراستاي اهداف توسعه پايدار زيست محيطي موثر واقع شود .مرور منابع و تحقيقات انجام شده در اين زمينه در دههاي اخيرمنجر به شكل گيري سوال تحقيق به صورت " ويژگي هاي زيست محيطي – اجتماعي و زيست محيطي – اقتصاديِ معماري يك محله خودبسنده درراستاي تحقق سياست ها و راهبردهاي توسعه پايدار چيست ؟ " گرديد .   ادامه روند تحقيق با هدف پاسخگويي به اين سوالمي­تواند منجر به شكل گيري و تدوين چارچوب مورد نظر گردد .روش تحقيق به كار رفته در اين پژوهش تركيبي بوده و به صورتتوصيفي-تحليلي، شبيه سازي و پژوهش موردي صورت پذيرفته است . در راستاي سنجش ميزانعملكرد راهكارهاي ارائه شده در اين تحقيق در بخش زيست محيطي، از شاخص ردپاياكولوژيكي استفاده گرديده است . مقايسه تغييرات اين شاخص و نيز ميزان مصرف سالانهانرژي و انتشار دي اكسيد كربن در شرايط قبل و بعد از اعمال راهكارهاي مذكور درنمونه هاي مطالعاتي، امكان ارزيابي راهكارها و نيز اصلاحات مورد نياز در جهت بهبودعملكرد آنها را فراهم مي­نمايد .نتايج بر آمده از تحليل و آناليز يافته ها در طراحي هايصورت گرفته در فصل پنجم نشان مي­دهد، در بخش مسكوني به كارگيري راهكارهاي ارائهشده در اين پژوهش سبب شده ميزانسالانه مصرف انرژي، ردپاي اكولوژيكي و انتشار دي اكسيد كربن در بلوك هاي ساختمانيطراحي شده( ميانگين چهار بلوك ) نسبت به نمونه مطالعاتي موجود( نمونه الف ) به طورمتوسط به ازاي هر متر مربع به ترتيب به ميزان 48.93 كيلو وات ساعت( 51.62 درصد )،0.00175 هكتار جهاني بر سال( 51.47 درصد ) و 20.52 كيلوگرم( 63.65 درصد ) كاهش يابد.

  This study experimentally investigates heat transfer inside a micro exchanger using some active smooth and coiled inserts. The obtained results were then simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques. A 1mm ID micro exchanger was equipped with some inserts either smooth or coiled. The length of the inserts were 6, 9, 12 cm (equal to the length of the micro exchanger) with the cross sectional radius of 0.26 mm. According to resistance of the inserts, different voltages are applied and the relevant electrical powers are transferred to working fluid. The working fluid is silicon oil warmed up contacting with the surface when flowing through the micro exchanger. Amounts of pressure and temperature were measured in inlet and outlet of the micro exchanger under different operating conditions. These operating conditions were three different flow rates 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min and three different voltages 2, 3, and 4 V, which were applied to the micro exchanger with different inserts, as mentioned above. Four criteria employed to compare the effect of different inserts and operating conditions are performance, enhancement in efficiency, frictional losses, and thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient. In all the conditions, the data were compared to the micro exchanger equipped with the shortest smooth insert under the minimum flow rate and applied voltage. The experimental results obtained by smooth inserts demonstrated that by increasing the length of the insert the performance, enhancement in efficiency, and frictional losses were increased. Increasing the rate of thermal performance was considerably higher than frictional losses, and therefore, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, as consequent of heat transfer and pressure drop, significantly increased. The relevant amount of the above mentioned coefficient for the micro exchanger equipped with the 12 cm smooth insert and 3 V applied voltage were 1.5, 2.7, ad 3.5 respectively for 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min. In the case of coiled inserts, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient were significantly higher than smooth inserts due to increased frictional losses. These amounts were respectively 8.2, 22, 23.5 for 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 ml/min. In the lowest flow rate, 0.5 ml/min, the micro exchanger equipped with the 9 cm insert demonstrated an acceptable thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, while for higher flow rates the best performance were obtained for 6 cm insert. Under the higher flow rates, the induced turbulences lead to a better heat transfer in short distances. Increasing the length of the inserts induces additional frictional losses which lead to lower thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient. In order to figure out the heat transfer mechanism, A CFD simulation were conducted for all the relevant experimental conditions. The results were reported via different velocity and temperature vectors and contours. In addition, using the predicted amount of temperature and pressure drop in the micro exchanger, the thermal-hydraulic performance coefficients were calculated and compared to experimental data. The comparisons show a good agreement between the experimental and modeling results, the maximum amount of the error were 18.4% .   Keywords: micro exchanger, active inserts, frictional losses, thermal-hydraulic performance coefficient, CFD simulation  

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نظر به اينكه ويسكوزيته و نقطه ريزش نفت سنگين ميدان پايدار شرق بالا مي باشد، هدف از انجام اين پايان نامه پايين آوردن خصوصيات فوق با استفاده از فرايند Visbreaking مي باشد. در اين فرايند مولكولهاي سنگين هيدروكربني در اثر حرارت شكسته شده و به مولكولهاي كوچكتر تقسيم مي شوند. بسته به شرايط فرايندي، همواره بخشي از خوراك به هيدروكربنهاي سبكتر از بنزين و همچنين هيدروكربنهاي در محدوده نقطه جوش بنزين و گازوئيل نيز تبديل مي شود. نكته بسيار حائز اهميت در اين فرايند انتخاب مناسب شرايط عملياتي جهت به حداقل رساندن احتمال تشكيل كك مي باشد. بدين منظور در واحدهاي ارتقاي كيفيت نفت سنگين از دو فرايند كلي براي دستيابي به اهداف فوق الذكر استفاده مي شود كه عبارتند از Coil Visbreaking و Soaker Visbreaking. در ادامه هر كدام از اين روشها به طور مختصر توضيح داده مي شوند.

  Nowadays different approaches of signal processing are used in many applications due to its potential applicability to a wide range of problems, such as telecommunication and biomedical signals processing. Voice activity detection (VAD) is one of most important signal processing branches in audio signal processor and is used in many telecommunication systems such as Speech compression , speech recognition, upgrade of speech , noise estimation and noise removal. VADs are also used to detect input signals and >For instance in a mobile telecommunication system usually 60% of talk-time includes speech signal, so that the rest of the signal is not informative. To decrease channel capacity and power consumption in this case VADs can be used to submit only pure speech signal. There have been already many studies in this field, however the efficiency of proposed approaches are highly depends on background noise. So that their efficiency may decrease while noise power is quite higher compared to speech power. This current seminar aims to provide an efficient method which is based on the combination of typical detection techniques of the speech versus non-speech blocks, so that the result can be applied for both clean and high SNR environment

  Fundamental frequency estimation is one of the most important issues in the field of speech processing. An accurate estimate of the fundamental frequency plays a key role in the field of speech and music analysis. So far, various methods have been proposed in the time- and frequency-domain. However, the main challenge is the strong noises in speech signals. In this paper, to improve the accuracy of fundamental frequency estimation, we propose a method for optimal combination of fundamental frequency estimation methods, in noisy signals. In this study, to discriminate voiced frames from unvoiced frames in a better way, the Voiced/Unvoiced (V/U) scores of four pitch detection methods are combined both linearly and nonlinearly. These methods are: Autocorrelation, Yin, YAAPT and SWIPE. After identifying the Voiced/Unvoiced label of each frame, the fundamental frequency (F0) of the frame is estimated using the SWIPE method. The optimal coefficients for linear combination are determined using the regularized least squares method with Tikhonov regularization. To evaluate the proposed method, 10 speech files (5 female and 5 male voices) are selected from the PTDB-TUG standard database and the results are presented in terms of SDFPE, MFPE, FPE, GPE, VDE, PTE and FFE standard error criteria. The results of the experiments indicate that the linear combination method (on various SNRs) made GPE error 22.98%, VDE error 26.16%, PTE error 9.26%, and FFE error rate of 32.72% (relative) And the nonlinear combining method reduces the GPE error by 30.64%, the VDE error by 33.58%, the PTE error by 9.58%, and the FFE error by 39.86%, as compared to the popular speech frequency extraction methods. 

Abstract The Wilkinson power dividers are one of the most ubiquitous passive circuit elements in RF/Microwave applications. They are widely used in antenna arrays, balanced amplifiers, mixers, frequency multipliers etc. in this thesis, a compact microstrip four-way filtering power divider is presented. The structure of the proposed device includes an inline filter has generalized Chebyshev response, where frequency dependent coupling method is used to generate transmission zeros at finite frequencies. A detailed design procedure is shown to determine the initial parameters of all the characteristic impedance and electrical length. Therefore, by the outspread inline filter, the configuration of four-way filtering power divider is achieved. Three isolation resistors are used to satisfy both transmission and isolation property. A porotype is designed and fabricated on a substrate with the relative dielectric constant =3.38, the thickness of h=0.7874mm and the dielectric loss tangent of tan ?=0.0022. after the full wave simulations and optimization by using AWR environment, the dimensions of the prototype is obtained and the overall size is about   55.5×40 .The measured result show 5% bandwidth centered at 2.5 GH with low in-band return loss, high-frequency selectivity, good matching and good isolation between outputs.

Abstract Building frames are usually filled in the periphery and middle of the building with masonry walls as internal or external walls, which makes the difference between such frames with empty frames. These type of walls are said to be infill panel and to the interaction of the frame and the infill panel said to be composite frame or filled frame. In the steel frames with saddle connection, as in the other types of building frames, there are infill panels that are usually made of masonry materials and their effect on structural analysis is ignored. However, in the event of intense and moderate earthquakes, the creation of interaction forces between the environmental frame and infill panel increases the bearing capacity of the structure. This interaction can be beneficial or harmful for the structure.   In many studies, researchers have compared the behavior of the composite frame with empty frame, which in part of   this thesis this topic has been reviewed, and few have exploring the comparison of the composite frame behavior to the infill panel. Therefore, an attempt has been made to examine this topic in another part of the thesis. Fore numerical modeling, the ANSYS software has been used. The masonry wall is modeled in macro approach with using laboratory test results. In the macro modeling that was used in this study, the masonry wall is assumed to be homogeneous and with equivalent mechanical properties. Modeling in this way is simple and the calculations is also very less than micro modeling.In fact, the stress-strain curve of the masonry wall and a conventional properties such as elasticity modulus and Poissons ratio of the masonry and etc will be able to model the nonlinear behavior of the masonry wall. The nonlinear static analysis is used for analysis of masonry wall. First, by comparing the result of numerical modeling with the experimental results, the correctness of the selected method for controlling the masonry infill is controlled and then the steel frames of a one story-one bay and two story-two bay with rigid saddle connection are modeled in the software. The interaction between the steel frame and masonry infill is modeled using contact elements with Mohr-coulomb behavior. Comparing the results of numerical simulations with experimental results, it shows that numerical model in three-dimensional simulation behavior of unreinforced masonry wall and rigid saddle connection has a good ability. In this thesis, In addition to modeling, increase percent of stiffness, increase percent of ultimate strength and the ductility changes of the composite frames relative to the empty frame with different yielding stresses and single masonry infills with different compressive strengths, the intensity stress distribution, the intensity elastic strain distribution composite frames and empty frame and the cracking pattern of masonry infill in the composite frames are also considered. Finally the results, is an increase in the stiffness and final strength and the ductility changes of the composite frames in comparison to the empty frame and single infill panel and the negative effects of the infill panel on the members of the perimeter frame caused by the interaction of the frames and infill panel.  

هدف اين تحقيق بررسي رفتار انتقال حرارت در ميكرو مبدل با استفاده از دو تكنيك ديناميك سيالات محاسباتي و شبكه عصبي مصنوعي مي باشد. براي اين منظور از داده هاي تجربي موجود در مراجع كه مربوط به نانو سيال اكسيد آلومينيوم – آب درون يك ميكرو مبدل در شرايط اعمال شارهاي گرمايي مختلف به ديواره آن بوده استفاده شده است. ابتدا شبيه سازي CFD در شرايط مربوط به داده هاي آزمايشگاهي انجام شده و مقايسه بين ناسلت پيش بيني شده از شبيه سازي و ناسلت بدست آمده بر مبناي داده هاي تجربي صورت گرفته است. نتايج اين مقايسه گوياي توانايي CFD در پيش بيني رفتار انتقال حرارت توسط نانوسيال در ميكرومبدل مي باشد. در مرحله بعد، شبيه سازي CFD در محدوده شرايط آزمايشگاهي ( كه داده آزمايشگاهي موجود نبوده است) صورت گرفته و از اين نتايج پيش بيني شده همراه با داده هاي تجربي موجود جهت طراحي شبكه عصبي مصنوعي به منظور پيش بيني عدد ناسلت   استفاده شده است. دو شار گرمايي شامل kW/m2 70   و 109 بر ديواره لوله اعمال شده و سه سيال شامل آب خالص و نانوسيال اكسيد آلومينيم- آب در دو كسر وزني % 25/0 و 77/0 به عنوان سيال عامل استفاده شده است. الگوريت هاي مختلف براي طراحي شبكه عصبي مصنوعي پيش بيني ناسلت بر مبناي تلفيق داده هاي آزمايشگاهي و نتايج شبيه سازي CFD مورد بررسي قرار گرفته و در نهايت بهترين شبكه با حداقل خطا براي شرايط مختلف طراحي شده است.

  نفت خام كه از چاه استخراج مي‌گردد در واحد بهره برداري طي چند مرحله با افت فشار مواجه مي شود. در نهايت گاز همراه از آن جدا شده و در صورت عدم وجود واحدي جهت جمع آوري ميعانات گازي سوخته مي شود. اين ميعانات گازي، كه از تركيبات هيدروكربني با ارزشي تشكيل شده اند، در صورت بازيافت و جمع آوري باعث افزايش در آمدهاي حاصله خواهند شد. هيدروكربن هاي تشكيل دهنده ميعانات گازي عمدتا شامل اتان و هيدروكربن هاي سنگين تر مانند پروپان، بوتان و ساير هيدروكربورهاي سنگين، كه بنزين طبيعي نيز ناميده مي شوند، مي باشند. البته درصد هر كدام از اين مواد در ميعانات گازي، بستگي به نوع مخزن، محل آن، عمق مخزن و عوامل ديگر دارد. نفت خام استخراج شده از چاه به دليل اينكه از اعماق زمين به بالا آمده‌ است، در طول مسير بالا آمدن، با خود مقداري شن و ماسه و آب شور را به همراه دارد. از اين رو، قبل از ارسال اين نفت به پالايشگاه‌ ها، جامدات، آب، و گاز همراه با آن در محل هايي كه به مجموعه تأسيسات سرِچاهي شناخته مي‌شوند، توسط دستگاه‌ هايي به نام جداكننده، از نفت جدا مي‌گردند. با توجه به وجود ميعانات گازي در گاز خروجي از تفكيك گرهاي واحد بهره برداري نفت شهر و ارزش اقتصادي بالاي آن جداكردن اين تركيبات بسيار حائز اهميت است. از اين رو پيدا كردن روشي براي جداكردن اين تركيبات سنگين با صرف كمترين انرژي و هزينه از نظر اقتصادي بسيار حائز اهميت مي باشد.ما در اين تحقيق سعي داريم از روشي استفاده كنيم كه مقدار اين جداسازي را با حداقل امكانات به حداكثر رسانده و از دستگاهي با نام لوله ي گردابه اي يا vortex tube استفاده مي كنيم.دستگاه vortex tube يا لوله ي گردابه اي يك دستگاه مكانيكي بسيار ساده فاقد اجزاي متحرك مي باشد و قابليت تنظيم دما را داراست كه جرياني از يك سيال فشرده را در دما و فشار معين از طريق نازل به صورت مماسي دريافت مي كند و شامل يك ورودي و دو خروجي مي باشد كه سيال از قسمت ورودي وارد دستگاه شده و دچار چرخش شده و از دو خروجي سرد و گرم خارج مي شود. سيال گرم در حاشيه ي لوله حركت مي كند و سيال سرد در مركز مي باشد. اغلب در جامعه ي علمي سيال هاي مورد استفاده در vortex tube گازها يا بخارها گزارش شده است اما برانو و Hajdik به طور مستقل از لحاظ تجربي ثابت كرده اند كه مايع ها مي توانند به عنوان بخشي از سيال كار مورد استفاده قرار گيرند و بخش ديگر گاز باشد.

امروزه يكي از دلايلي كه تحقيقات درباره مايعات يوني را مورد توجه قرار است، يافتن جايگزين مناسبي براي حلال­هاي خطرناك و فرار است كه دوست­دار محيط زيست باشند و در عين حال خواص حلال­هاي متداول را داشته باشند.در اين تحقيق، حذف فلز مس (II) به عنوان يك فلز سنگين از محلول آبي سنتزي با روش ريز استخراج تشكيل حلال در محل (ISFME) به صورت پيوسته در ميكروكانال و هم­چنين در سيستم ناپيوسته با استفاده از مايع يوني 1-هگزيل-3-متيل ايميدازوليوم كلريد انجام شده است. يك ميكروكانال با سه ورودي از جنس پلي­لاكتيك اسيد (PLA) ساخته شد. طول كانال­هاي ورودي 30 ميلي­متر و طول كانال اختلاط برابر230 ميلي­متر است. با توجه به دبي كم جريان هاي ورودي به ميكروكانال، از پمپ سرنگي براي وارد كردن فازهاي آبي و آلي استفاده شد. آناليز نمونه ها قبل و بعد از حذف با استفاده از دستگاه طيف جذب اتمي براي اندازه گيري غلظت مس انجام شد. تأثير پارامترهاي موثر شامل pH محلول در محدوده 9-5، غلظت ليگاند 08/0-02/0 مولار ، زمان ماند در محدوده 72/0-40/0 دقيقه و مقدار مايع يوني در محدوده 150-50 ميلي گرم بر ميزان استخراج مورد بررسي قرار گرفته است. طراحي آزمايش با استفاده از نرم افزار Design-Expert 7.0.0 انجام شد و تعداد كل آزمايش­ها براي چهار پارامتر فوق در سه سطح برابر 28 آزمايش در نظر گرفته شد. شرايط بهينه با استفاده از طراحي بر اساس مدل باكس-بنكن (BBD)   بدست آمد. با توجه به نتايج به دست آمده، بيشترين ميزان استخراج فلز مس(%02/95) در 7 = pH، غلظت ليگاند 05/0 مولار، زمان ماند 54/0 دقيقه و مقدار مايع يوني 110 ميلي­گرم بدست آمد. در شرايط بهينه، بازده سيستم پيوسته ميكروكانال با سيستم ناپيوسته مقايسه شد و ميزان بازده سيستم ناپيوسته (%36/98) فقط اندكي بيشتر از سيستم پيوسته (%02/95) بدست آمده در حاليكه زمان در نظر گرفته شده براي سيستم ناپيوسته برابر 7 دقيقه بوده كه بيش از 13 برابر زمان اقامت در سيستم پيوسته بوده است.  

  Low density polyethylene is one of the most expensive raw materials of plastic that isproduced in the high temperature and pressure and by free radical polymerization ofsupercritical ethylene. the very important problem that possible occurs for a tubular reactorproducing low density polyethylene, the fouling of polymer in the inner layer is formed.fouling may be defined as the accumulation of undesirable polymer at the reactor surface thatincrease the resistance to heat transmission and heat transfer rate of ethylene andpolyethylene mixed with coolant flow in jacket of reactor is reduced thus reduces the amountof production. the main priority of this thesis presents a model for the analysis of low densitypolyethylene production by taking fouling on the temperature of reactor inner walls. Themathematical model based on heat transfer equations formed, and to solve the equations of it,the matlab and trial and error method is used. Finally, the inlet and outlet water temperatureof the jacket, the temperature of the inner wall, the conversion of monomers to polymers, thethickness of fouling that formed in the walls and resistance of fouling was calculated for eachtube. Due to the two phase mixture of ethylene and polyethylene formed neare the inner wallfouling is formed. Energy balance on different parts of the reactor and its jacket, was used tocalculate heat transfer and wall temperature. by temperature and pressure near the wall andusing the SRK equation of state, equilibrium data are calculated. The results of this sectionindicate that almost all the flow is formed in the form of a single phase and only in the innerregion where the temperature is sufficiently low, the two phase flow is formed. Therefore inthe reactor pressure,the internal wall temperature is the main parameter for the production offouling. The results of model calculations and its use in optimization of model show thatcooling water temperature is more effective than its mass flow rate in quantity and productquality comparing these results with real data as well as validating the model used.

Nowadays, in the various industries, studies on the use of magnetic water are under way. In this study, by constructing the magnetic water production device, the authors of the results on the water hardness were investigated. By applying magnetic and electromagnetic fields on water, its structure has been changed. In experiments conducted with two different channels of microchannel, the output water after the passage of filter paper for the separation of calcium carbonate has been studied and the results show that factors such as discharge flow, magnetic field intensity and electromagnetic field on the water properties It has direct effect, and less water can be gotten softer water. With magnetic water, without adding chemicals to the water, the sediments on the surfaces in contact with previously formed water are thinned and the formation of new sediment is also prevented.  

  In this study methanol production mechanism is unchanged and methanol production in micro channel has been investigated and modeled just with change in some operation conditions (temperature, pressure and …). A main difference of micro channel than other instruments is that in micro channel can be achieved industrial scale with coupling several micro channels without change in scale of channels. In other word, with adding multiple micro channels together or put them on each other can increase instrument capacity and produce product in industrial scale without change in yield. While in other common industrial instruments maybe the project fail and change yield with increasing scale from pilot to plant. In addition, small scale of reactor has advantage that energy can be delivered better and more effective. In this work, CFD modeling of micro channel for methanol production has been carried out with Gambit and Fluent in heterogeneous conditions. Methanol is produced by syngas feed and Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 coated on wall of micro channel as catalyst. In order to design experiments, has been used design expert software and CCD method. Factor considered in the design of experiments were temperature, pressure, length and radius of reactor and entrance syngas ratio. Except syngas ratio, other parameters have been investigated, quantitatively. Optimum operation conditions were pressure of 80 bar and temperature of 523 K. In these conditions has been obtained maximum methanol production

In recent years iris recognition has attracted the attention of many researchers and it also has been used in many real-world applications. In iris recognition, segmentation phase always has been the one of the challenging problems and it always consumes significant processing time. On the other hand features in a classification task play a major role and as the selected features are good the performance of the classifier can be improved. Particle swarm optimization algorithm is an evolutionary algorithm and it successfully has been used in many optimization problems. We have used this algorithm to select the most appropriate features in an iris recognition task and in this way we have learned a near optimum distance metric. In addition, in this study we have provided an effective and simple method to detect the iris area that could greatly improve iris area detection process speed. To evaluate the proposed method two data sets CASIA Interval and IITD have been tested and the results have been very promising.

Abstract- The need to private and sensitive information security on multi-touch devices like smartphones and tablets is one of the main problems in information security. Methods that are commonly used passwords and tokens that have a lot of obstacles and challenges. Biometric authentication methods, these methods are a good alternative to overcome the problems. The introduction of biometric based smartphone touchscreen for user authentication is based on finger touch and movement. The purpose of this Study is to examine method of authentication using biometric behavior based on specific gesture for unlocking the device based in existing designs is safe. In this study, by extracting a large number of features and using Distance learning with Genetic Programming, With high accuracy in authentication based on finger multi-touch touch screen to unlock the device achieved.

In this study titania-supported tungsten catalyst for oxidative desulfurization of model oil containing dibenzothiophene, using hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant and acetonitrile as a solvent extraction, over 90 min was investigated. Response surface methodology based on Box–Behnken design was used to evaluate the main operating parameters, including temperature, Amount of catalyst, oxygen to sulfur molar ratio, extraction phase to oil phase ratio. The optimum operating conditions had been attained at temperature of 80C, 0.04gr of catalyst, oxygen to sulfur molar ratio of 12.4, extraction phase to oil phase ratio of 0.68, respectively with the highest conversion of 97%.

Gas lift operation is one of the most common artificial lift methods that may be applied to obtain maximum production rate with minimum flowing – bottom hole pressure. The goal of this project is achieved by injecting gas to the wellbore in order to move oil to the surface.We chose gas lift in three wells in East of Baghdad field which located about (20 km) from the center of   aghdad and it extends from east – west to south – east by (100 km) length and (11 km) width.   In this study, a program has been developed using basic programming language to calculate the flowing – bottom hole pressure by using two correlations which are : modified Beggs – Brill and Aziz et ,al.   Gas and oil properties have been studied and the most accurate correlations and methods for prediction of these properties have been selected to use in the calculations. Standing correlation (1981) is use to calculate the oil density while the gas viscosity is calculated by Lee – Gonzalez – Eakin (1966).     Comparison of   the calculated and measured values for the flowing - bottom hole pressure showed that the modified Beggs – Brill give the most accurate results than Aziz .et.al method, therefore modified Beggs – Brill has been used in gas lift design calculations.   The average temperature - compressibility factor method has been used     to calculate gas pressure gradient with the depth. Then, the point of   intersection of this curve with pressure gradient curve calculated by modified Beggs – Brill method, has been used to specify the depth of injection point. Also the injection operation pressure on the surface and its effect on injection point detection for three wells, which is the most important parameter in the gas lift design process, has been studied. The positions and the distances between valves have been determined by using rules of graphical method.   The results showed that the gas injection rate for wells No.(10,11) are     (15 MMSCF/DAY) to give maximum production rate of (3430 STB/DAY) , (2970 STB/DAY) with minimum flowing – bottom hole pressure (4287 psi) , (4105 psi) ,respectively. Also the maximum injection rate for the well No.(19) is of   (7 MMSCF/DAY) with flow rate (3512 STB/DAY) and flowing – bottom hole pressure (4187 psi). current production rate for wells (10,11,19) are (2450,2100,3100) STB/DAY respectively.This study suggests exploitation of associated gas in East Baghdad oilfield to be cycled to lift oil as an artificial lift method.   The present work includes using PIPSIM software to build a model of studied vertical wells, producing from Tanumma formation, (WH1-11T, WH2-12T, WH3-19T) after choosing the suited correlation for each well. According to the statistical results, Mukherjee & Brill correlation is the best option for these wells.Gas lift design was done after studying gas lift performance-curves, which show the change of production with many parameters (gas injection rate, injection depth, and water cut). The result of this analysis is considered as a base of   gas lift design which include determining the optimum injection gas rate, the optimum injection pressure, the depth of injection and the valve technical specifications.According to the constraints (the min. allowable pressure for designing is limited by bubble pressure and maximum production by water Injection currently used in field), the required flow rate has been achieved by using gas lift. A simplified economic analysis of using two methods (gas lift & water injection) for 12 years, showed the superiority of gas lift option.   Finally, by using optimization techniques can improve the decision making process in gas allocation for continuous flow gas lift systems in East Baghdad Oilfields.