محمد مويدي

   Today, universities as a circle in the conversion chain are ideas to wealth, seeking knowledge and technology. The emergence of the phenomenon of universities incubator has led to the development of knowledge, entrepreneurship and economic progress, and has also had a tremendous impact on strengthening the interactions of government, university and industry. On the other hand, universities are committed to creating dialogue, communication and interactions between students, and universities incubator have the ability to create grounds for social interactions due to their participatory and communication activities; Because the rapid growth of universities and lack of attention to the category of social interactions in students has led to compensatory injuries in psychosocial and students’ desire for attending university. Therefore, the purpose of writing this dissertation is to design a university incubator at the Razi University, with an emphasis on increasing social interactions in students. In this regard, by identifying effective components on social interactions in universities incubator, seeing how to use these patterns in the design of the center to create a good platform for students’ interactions. This dissertation is based on the methodology, based on hybrid approach, which includes correlation strategy, qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis. In this thesis, the solidarity strategy of the effect of eleven component design components in the university incubator on social interactions of students who are in the form of resources and written sources through the distribution of Likert spectrum based questionnaire and anatomical questions among university students Razi is going to be. In this section, the importance of components is measured and is based on descriptive statistical analysis. In the next step, qualitative data collected through students’ response to the questions of the questionnaire were examined in accurate and systematic questionnaires. In the process of qualitative content analysis, the original concepts and categories of data are extracted and in the final stage, the effective design components in increasing interaction of students at the universitiy incubator, based on their importance from students’ point of view, are categorized along with design strategies. The results of this thesis indicate that Razi University students have the greatest importance for factors that affect their presence in the environment. Components such as space vitality, the presence of natural elements, equilibrium, space diversity, environmental comfort and facilities and spatial equipment have the most impact on motivation, durability and quality of social interactions. Also, social interactions in students in Razi University are in a variety of spaces, including official and informal spaces, and in open and semi spaces, in which the spaces and dinning spaces, workshops and open spaces of colleges and lush environments have the most repetitions. The study of the proposed spatial characteristics also shows that "the presence of furniture for sitting" and "optimal perspective" is the most important and most effective factor affecting the formation of social interactions from the viewpoint of students. These results emphasize that in the design of interactive academic spaces, including universities incubator, simultaneous attention to spatial equipment, environmental comfort, visual quality, and interactive capabilities, plays a key role in promoting the experience of attendance and social interactions of students.

گسترش ساخت‌وسازهاي آپارتماني در شهركرمانشاه، در بسياري از موارد با شكل‌گيري نماهايي همراه بوده است كه فاقد انسجام بصري، تناسبات مقياسي و ارتباط منطقي ميان اجزاي تشكيل‌دهنده خود هستند. چنين نماهايي، كه اغلب تحت تأثير سليقه‌هاي فردي، الگوهاي تقليدي و رويكردهاي غيرزمينه‌گرا طراحي مي‌شوند، مي‌توانند به بروز آشفتگي بصري، كاهش خوانايي سيماي شهري و تضعيف هويت كالبدي و فرهنگي شهر منجر شوند. از آنجا كه نماي ساختمان‌هاي مسكوني به‌عنوان بخشي از فضاي عمومي شهر، نقش تعيين‌كننده‌اي در كيفيت منظر شهري و تجربه ادراكي شهروندان دارد، توجه به اصول و نظريه‌هاي ساختارمند در طراحي نما امري ضروري به نظر مي‌رسد. پايان نامه حاضر با تأكيد بر اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي به‌عنوان يكي از پانزده خصلت ساختارهاي زنده در نظريه‌ي كريستوفر الكساندر، در پي پاسخ به اين پرسش است كه چگونه مي‌توان با به‌كارگيري اين اصل، به طراحي نمايي انتظام‌يافته، خوشايند و متناسب با زمينه‌ي بومي در آپارتمان‌هاي مسكوني شهر كرمانشاه دست يافت. اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس، به ايجاد ارتباط معنادار ميان مقياس‌هاي مختلف از كلان تا خرد منجر شده و نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري انسجام و خوانايي بصري بنا ايفا مي‌كند. اين پايان­نامه از نوع كاربردي بوده و با راهبرد همبستگي انجام مي‌شود. گردآوري داده‌ها از طريق مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، تحليل نظري ديدگاه‌هاي كريستوفر الكساندر و نيكوس آ. سالينگروس، و بررسي تاثير سلسله مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت نما صورت مي‌گيرد. اين   پايان­نامه از نظر هدف، كاربردي و از نظر روش، با راهبرد همبستگي انجام شده است. گردآوري داده‌ها در دو بخش نظري و عملي صورت گرفته است. در بخش نظري، با استفاده از مطالعات كتابخانه‌اي، مفاهيم مرتبط با كيفيت بصري نما، مقياس انساني، اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس‌بندي، نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر و نظريه نظم ساختاري نيكوس سالينگروس مورد بررسي و تحليل قرار گرفته است. در بخش عملي، به‌ منظور بررسي تأثير رعايت اصل سلسله‌مراتب مقياس بر مطلوبيت بصري نما، سلسله مراتب مقياس   به‌عنوان متغير مستقل، مطلوبيت   به‌عنوان متغير وابسته، و ويژگي‌هاي فردي كاربران به‌عنوان متغيرهاي مداخله‌گر در نظر گرفته شده‌اند.در همين راستا سه نماي شبيه‌سازي‌شده از يك آپارتمان مسكوني با ارتفاع متوسط طراحي شد كه در آن‌ها ميزان استفاده از سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در اجزاي مختلف نما، از جمله بازشوها، پنجره‌ها، بالكن‌ها، تناسبات كلي و جزئيات معماري، متفاوت بود. جامعه آماري پژوهش پايان نامه شامل شهروندان غيرمتخصص در حوزه معماري و ساخت‌وساز و ساكن محله گلستان شهر كرمانشاه است. نمونه‌گيري به روش در دسترس انجام شد. ابزار گردآوري داده‌ها پرسشنامه‌اي تصويري بود كه در آن پاسخ‌دهندگان پس از ثبت اطلاعات جمعيت‌شناختي، تصاوير نماهاي شبيه‌سازي‌شده را به‌صورت تصادفي مشاهده كردند. سپس از آنان خواسته شد نماها را بر اساس ميزان مطلوبيت بصري اولويت‌بندي كنند؛ به‌گونه‌اي كه نماي داراي بيشترين مطلوبيت در اولويت اول، نماي با مطلوبيت متوسط در اولويت دوم و نماي با كمترين مطلوبيت در اولويت سوم قرار گيرد. علاوه بر اين، پاسخ‌دهندگان دلايل انتخاب نماي مطلوب‌تر را بيان كردند تا عوامل مؤثر بر ترجيحات بصري آنان به‌صورت كيفي تحليل شود. هدف نهايي پايان نامه، ارائه الگويي براي طراحي نماي آپارتمان مسكوني در شهر كرمانشاه است كه با رعايت سلسله‌مراتب مقياس در مقياس‌هاي كلان، مياني و خرد، موجب ارتقاي انسجام، خوانايي، كيفيت بصري و مطلوبيت ادراكي نما شود. در اين چارچوب، قاعده مقياس‌بندي مطرح‌شده توسط سالينگروس ـ كه در بسط و تأييد خصلت‌هاي بنيادين نظريه ساختارهاي زنده كريستوفر الكساندر ارائه شده است ـ به‌عنوان مبناي نظري طراحي نما به‌كار گرفته شده و تلاش شده است تا اين اصل به‌صورت عيني و كاربردي در فرآيند طراحي نهايي نما تحقق يابد.

   چكيده از بدو تولد، خانه نخستين محيط رشد كودك است؛ جايي كه تجربه‌هاي اوليه‌اش شكل مي‌گيرد و با افراد و محيط پيرامون آشنا مي‌شود. خانه به‌عنوان اولين گروه اجتماعي كودك، نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري شخصيت و رفتارهاي او دارد و كودك از تعامل با اعضاي خانواده، اصول و رفتارهاي اجتماعي را مي‌آموزد. به‌طور معمول، نخستين و عميق‌ترين پيوند كودك در خانه با مادر شكل مي‌گيرد؛ زيرا بيشترين زمان را با او مي‌گذراند. اين ارتباط نقش مهمي در شكل‌گيري شخصيت و رفتارهاي كودك دارد. در سال‌هاي اخير با تغيير سبك ساخت‌وساز، حذف تدريجي حياط و كاهش حضور كودكان در فضاهاي بيروني، زمان بيشتري از روز كودك در خانه مي‌گذرد. در نتيجه، دامنه‌ي ارتباط او با مادر نيز افزايش يافته و اين رابطه تا سنين بالاتر اهميت خود را حفظ مي‌كند. بنابراين، اين شرايط نيازمند فراهم‌كردن شرايط كالبدي مناسب در جهت بهبود تعامل مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك در خانه است. در اين پايان‌نامه تلاش شد عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر بهبود ارتباط مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك در خانه شناسايي شود. براي محدود كردن حوزه پژوهش، ارتباط مادر و كودك در طول روز و به‌طور خاص زماني بررسي شد كه مادر در آشپزخانه حضور دارد و كودك در فضاي جمعي خانه ــ نه در اتاق شخصي خود ــ قرار مي‌گيرد. منظور از كودك نيز افراد زير ?? سال در نظر گرفته شد. بيان مسئله : مسكن يكي از مهم‌ترين عوامل تأثيرگذار بر سلامت و كيفيت زندگي در جامعه است و تغييرات شهرنشيني و آپارتمان‌نشيني، دسترسي به فضاهاي باز بازي كودكان را محدود كرده است. كودكان به دليل نيازهاي زيستي و رواني خود، به فضاهاي مناسب براي بازي و تعامل نياز دارند و حضور طولاني‌تر در خانه باعث افزايش اهميت ارتباط با اعضاي خانواده به ويژه مادر مي‌شود. رابطه مادر و كودك نقش كليدي در رشد، شخصيت و سلامت روان كودك دارد. اين پايان‌نامه به شناسايي عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر بهبود ارتباط مادر و كودك در خانه پرداخته و به‌ويژه بر تعامل زماني كه مادر در آشپزخانه و كودك در فضاي جمعي خانه است تمركز دارد. مطالعات ميداني شامل مصاحبه، مشاهده رفتار و ترسيم نقشه منازل نشان مي‌دهد طراحي مناسب فضاها مي‌تواند تجربه‌هاي مثبت و تعامل مؤثر ميان مادر و كودك را افزايش دهد. هدف نهايي پژوهش، ارائه راهكارهاي طراحي داخلي منازل براي بهبود كيفيت زندگي مادر و كودك است. اهداف: هدف اين پايان‌نامه بهره‌گيري از قابليت‌هاي فضاي داخلي خانه براي تقويت تعامل ميان مادر و كودك است. اهداف به دو بخش تقسيم شدند: هدف اصلي، شناسايي و ارائه الگوهاي طراحي داخلي خانه به‌گونه‌اي كه زمينه تعامل مطلوب ميان مادر و كودك و پاسخگويي به نيازهاي هر دو را فراهم كند؛ و هدف فرعي، طراحي الگوهاي فضايي كه ارتباط كلامي، چشمي و تعامل روزمره ميان مادر و كودك را تسهيل كند. در كليت، پژوهش با توجه به نظريه‌هاي موجود به اهميت خانه و نقش مادر در رشد و شكل‌گيري شخصيت كودك مي‌پردازد و عوامل كالبدي مؤثر بر تعامل مادر و كودك را به كار مي‌گيرد. پيشينه: بررسي پيشينه نظري نشان مي‌دهد كه مطالعات متعددي به كيفيت فضاهاي مسكوني، سلامت روان، تعاملات خانوادگي و رشد كودك پرداخته‌اند؛ با اين حال، تمركز مستقيم بر نقش كالبد فضاي داخلي خانه در تعامل مادر و كودك كمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. پژوهش‌ها بر تأثير نور، مقياس، چيدمان، فضاهاي نيمه‌خصوصي و كيفيت محيطي بر روابط انساني و رشد هيجاني كودك تأكيد دارند، اما اين يافته‌ها غالباً به‌صورت پراكنده و غيرمتمركز ارائه شده‌اند. ازاين‌رو، ضرورت انجام پژوهشي كه اين مفاهيم را در قالبي منسجم و با تمركز بر رابطه مادر و كودك در فضاي خانه تحليل كند، احساس مي‌شود. روش: اين پايان‌نامه با رويكرد كيفي و از نوع كاربردي انجام شد. به‌منظور درك عميق تعامل ميان مادر و كودك در فضاي داخلي خانه، از روش تحليل محتواي كيفي استفاده گرديد. داده‌ها به‌صورت ميداني و از طريق مصاحبه‌هاي باز و نيمه‌ساختاريافته، مشاهده‌ي مستقيم رفتار مادر و كودك و ترسيم كروكي فضاهاي داخلي جمع‌آوري شد. جامعه‌ي مورد مطالعه شامل مادران خانه‌دار قشر متوسط شهر كرمانشاه با فرزندان ? تا ?? سال بود كه به‌صورت هدفمند انتخاب شدند. پس از پياده‌سازي داده‌ها، فرآيند كدگذاري باز و محوري انجام گرفت و مفاهيم و مقوله‌هاي اصلي استخراج شد. به‌منظور افزايش اعتبار يافته‌ها، از مثلث‌سازي داده‌ها و بازبيني مشاركت‌كنندگان استفاده گرديد.

         اين پايان نامه به بررسي عملكرد و اثربخشي سازه هاي كنترل سيل، به طور خاص بر ديوارهاي حفاظتي در امتداد سواحل رودخانه ها از ديدگاه مهندسي عمران مي پردازد. سيل يكي از مخرب ترين مخاطرات طبيعي است كه تهديدهاي قابل توجهي براي زندگي و زيرساخت هاي انسان به شمار مي رود. براي كاهش اين خطرات، اجراي سيل بندها و ديوارهاي حفاظتي ساحلي ضروري است. اين تحقيق به يك شكاف انتقادي در ادبيات مربوط به ارزيابي جامع اين ساختارها مي پردازد. اين پايان نامه با استفاده از رويكرد مطالعه موردي به ويژه حادثه سيل فروردين 1397 در شهرستان پلدختر به ارزيابي عملكرد ديوارهاي حفاظتي حاشيه رودخانه كشكان مي پردازد. اين مطالعه از روشهاي ارزيابي دقيق و تكنيكهاي تجزيه و تحليل دادهها براي تجزيه و تحليل يكپارچگي سازه، راندمان هيدروليكي، و اثرات اجتماعي-اقتصادي ديوارهاي حائل استفاده ميكند. در اين تحقيق از نرم افزار پلكسيس دو بعدي براي بررسي پايداري ديوار ساحلي استفاده شده است. دو حالت ديوار بنايي و بتني براي بررسي پايداري استفاده شده است.همچنين ابعاد ديوار نيز تغيير كرده است. نتايج تحليلها بهروشني نشان ميدهد كه ديوارهاي بتني در مقايسه با ديوارهاي بنايي از نظر عملكرد سازهاي در برابر نيروهاي سيلابي كارآمدتر هستند.       واژه هاي كليدي : ديوارهاي محافظ ساحلي ، سيل ، شهر پلدختر

  Renewable energy sources such as photovoltaic arrays and fuel cells play a crucial role in reducing dependence on fossil fuels and promoting environmental sustainability. Since these sources typically generate low-level DC voltage and have limited power capacity, voltage step-up is essential for their efficient integration into power grids or industrial systems. The inherently low output voltage poses significant challenges for direct load or grid connection, making high-efficiency DC-DC converters a vital component in power-conversion systems. Achieving high efficiency in DC-DC power converters has therefore become a critical criterion in practical applications.In this context, this paper introduces a dual-switch ultra-step- up converter derived from a quadratic boost structure. The proposed design integrates two cascaded boost stages, a coupled inductor, a voltage-multiplier circuit, and a switched capacitor, enabling a high voltage gain without the need for a transformer or a large turns ratio. Furthermore, the current-sharing approach through parallel diode paths significantly reduces diode losses and improves overall efficiency. Key features of the converter include reduced voltage stress on the switches, low input- current ripple, minimized diode and switch losses, simple control due to synchronous switch operation, and a common ground configuration.In addition, the proposed converter is compared with similar coupled-inductor-based converters reported in the past four years in terms of semiconductor stress, voltage gain, input-current ripple, and efficiency, demonstrating its superior performance. Finally, experimental validation on a 200-W prototype with a 24-V input and 400-V output confirms the high efficiency and outstanding performance of the proposed converter.

  One of the major challenges in photovoltaic (PV) panels

   Absteract Matrix acidization in carbonate reservoirs is a process that has long been used to increase productivity in oil and gas formations. The main goal is to create wormholes that bypass existing damage in the formation. HCl is the main acid used for the method. The use of this acid comes with major challenges, including high reaction speed, high corrosion rate, and penetration into highly permeable areas, especially in heterogeneous formations, which negatively affects the success rate of this method. Several techniques have been proposed to overcome this problem, one of which is the use of emulsified acids, which has been widely used. In this laboratory study, 15 wt% HCl was used as the internal phase, diesel oil as the external phase, and surfactant as the emulsion stabilizer to produce a stable W/O emulsion at high temperature conditions. To increase the stability of the emulsion, there is a set of parameters that include the ratio of acid to diesel, type and concentration of surfactant, HLB of surfactant, mixing time, mixing speed, etc. By obtaining the optimal values ??of these parameters, we produced a set of emulsions with different stabilities. In order to reach the optimal HLB and increase the stability, different cosurfactants were used in combination with surfactant with different weight ratios. Also, to increase the stability of the emulsion, instead of using high amounts of surfactant, PMBA, PEG-CA and curcumin polysulfide nanoparticles with different hydrophilicity degrees were used in low amounts of about 1000 ppm, and PMBA had a great effect on increasing the stability due to its dual-friendliness properties. After the production of the emulsions, kinetic tests were designed to compare its performance with ordinary acid. In these tests, the dissolution rate of calcite mineral in ordinary acid and emulsion was used as a criterion for comparison. In ordinary acid, the reaction started from the very beginning of the contact between the rock and the acid and ended quickly, but in emulsion acids, it took a while for the reaction to start after the contact between the rock and the acid, and after the reaction started, the dissolution rate was lower than that of ordinary acid, in other words, the reaction was slower. Therefore, by observing the results obtained, emulsion acid has the ability to delay the diffusion of hydronium ions and also has the ability to reduce the reaction rate.   

In this thesis, the upsetting process of bimetallic sheets has been analyzed by the force balance method and simulated by the finite element method. The upper and lower dies are cylindrical and have equal radii. The width of the sheets is large compared to their thickness, and therefore it is assumed that the process is carried out in a plane strain state. The bimetallic sheet is composed of a combination of two sheets of different materials, copper and aluminum. Copper due to its high electrical and thermal conductivity and aluminum due to its lightness and corrosion resistance, provide an attractive combination for industrial applications. In this process, as in other metal forming processes, predicting the geometry of the deformation zone and the forming force is important. To analyze the process by the force balance method, a free diagram of a slice of the sheets in the deformation zone is drawn and by writing the equilibrium and yield equations, the forming force in each press stroke is calculated. The analyses performed include examining the deformed dimensions of the sheets as well as the curve of the forming force changes in terms of the press stroke. In the next step, the upsetting process is simulated in the ABAQUS software environment. The material behavior of the two sheets is considered as rigid-plastic in the analysis and simulation. Also, the two sheets are completely bonded together at the beginning and this connection is maintained until the end of the process. The results of the force balance analysis, including the changes in the forming force in terms of the press stroke and the dimensions of the deformation zone, are compared with the simulation results. These comparisons show a good agreement between the results. Considering the unique properties of both metals, the results of this research can have wide applications in various industries such as automotive, aerospace and electronics. For example, in the automotive industry, the use of bimetallic compounds can lead to weight reduction and increased fuel efficiency.   

   Terfenol-D is a magnetostrictive alloy that falls under the category of smart materials, composed of terbium, iron, and dysprosium. This alloy is used in actuators, sensors, and other applications due to its unique properties, such as high saturation strain, high Curie temperature, and significant functional coefficients. Like any other ferromagnetic material, Terfenol-D exhibits magnetic losses, including hysteresis, eddy currents, and excess losses, which need to be accurately calculated under various operating conditions to predict the output of actuators and sensors. When Terfenol-D is subjected to an external magnetic field and undergoes magnetization cycles, hysteresis loss occurs due to the movement and rotation of microscopic magnetic domains, eddy current loss occurs due to the generation of a magnetic field opposing the excitation field, and excess loss occurs due to lattice defects and non-uniform magnetic domains. In this thesis, research was conducted to predict magnetic losses accurately and logically, and due to reasons such as simplifying mathematical calculations and eliminating errors resulting from lengthy and complex methods used in other models, the hyperbolic tangent model was used to calculate the aforementioned losses. To this end, the model's coefficients and parameters were extracted using previous experimental results, and then the model was developed to enable the calculation of various losses. Finally, new relationships were presented to predict the model's coefficients and parameters at new frequencies. The new relationships and model used at new frequencies of 100 Hz and 300 Hz, which had not been used before, were validated, and the results were compared with those obtained from the experimental model.The results obtained in this thesis show that the use of the hyperbolic tangent model and the presented relationships can predict the magnetic power loss in terfenel-D with high accuracy in the frequency range (0 to 300 Hz).

Theenergy-related crises in the global community have gained attention in recentyears, and over these years, numerous studies in various scientific fields haveproposed solutions to address these crises. The building sector, alongside theindustry and tra  ortation sectors, is among the largest energy consumers,particularly of fossil fuels and electricity. After residential spaces, schoolsare the second environment where people spend a significant portion of theirlives. This thesis aims to examine the energy consumption of a six-classroomschool in the city of Kermanshah, using an active solar system. The researchmethod employed in this thesis is descriptive-analytical, and for this purpose,computer modeling tools have been utilized.In the first step, the currentenergy consumption status, physical facilities, and energy needs of the schoolwere assessed. The school building is designed as a two-story structure, withthe physical program and activity schedule considered based on standards. Bysimulating the energy structure of the school, the annual energy consumption,including heating, cooling, and electricity needs of the building, wascalculated. In the next step, five changes were applied to the buildingenvelope, and the energy demand variations in response to each parameter changecompared to the initial state were simulated and analyzed.In the final step,the impact of adding an active solar system on the building's energyconsumption was calculated. The final simulation results showed that the optimaluse of insulation in walls and roofs, the optimal type of window glazing, thedimensions of shading devices, and the reduction of the window-to-wall arearatio significantly reduced the building's annual energy consumption whencompared to the initial simulation state using all optimization tools.Thecomparison between the initial and final simulation results highlighted thatoptimization had the greatest impact on the building's heating demand. On theother hand, the use of these optimization tools slightly increased thebuilding's cooling demand, primarily due to changes in the thermal propertiesof the building envelope. Additionally, the optimization tools led to anincrease in the net annual electricity demand, mainly due to the reliance on electricityfor meeting the building's cooling needs. The active solar system contributedto approximately 22.79% of the annual electricity demand, but the system doesnot achieve a return on investment over a ten-year period.

   Abstract Yeast extract is a powdery substance that contains useful substances such as soluble proteins, vitamins and minerals and is widely used in food, medicine, and industrial microbiology industries. This substance is produced as a biological product from the decomposition of the cell wall of yeasts (various strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae). In the present study, in order to reduce the production costs of yeast extract, beet molasses was used as a carbon source in the batch cultivations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (PTCC 5052) at a temperature of 30 ?C and a stirring speed of 150 rpm. The growth curve of yeast was investigated in different initial concentrations of molasses and the results showed that increasing the concentration of molasses in the range of 0-10 vv-1% did not inhibit the growth of yeast and the Monod kinetic model with the specific maximum growth rate of 0.164 h-1 and half-saturation constant 1.78 vv-1% was well described the experimental data. Also, by matching the biomass experimental results with the cell maintenance energy concept model, the theoretical yield of biomass production from reducing sugars in molasses and the maintenance energy coefficient were estimated at 1.739 gcell g-1   and 0.0518   g gcell-1 h-1, respectively. High relative biomass yield and the low maintenance energy coefficient indicates favorable cultivation conditions to achieve a high biomass in the fermentation stage. After cultivation, yeast cells entered the stage of cell wall disruption. At this stage, the processes of autolysis, plasmolysis (in the presence of 0.5 M solution of NaCl and KCl), and ultrasound (20 kHz) were investigated. The results showed that the lowest production yield of yeast extract from biomass (Yp/x) with about 42% was obtained during 24 h from the plasmolysis process by the KCl solution. While, the ultrasonic process after 60 min obtained Yp/x about 78%. The integration of the plasmolysis (NaCl solution) and ultrasonic provided a yeast extract production yield of 81%. In this way, the best result was obtained for the production of yeast extract using 10 vv-1% of molasses in the fermentation stage after 24 h and applying the process of cell disruption with ultrasonic waves.   

Accordingly, in this research, 4% waste motor oil and 20, 15, 10, 5% calcium lignosulfonate were added to the bitumen. Then, in order to check the performance of the asphalt mixture at low temperatures, the fracture toughness test (at three temperatures), the middle temperature of the modulus of elasticity test and high temperature, a dynamic creep test was performed on asphalt samples. The results showed that the use of 15 and 20 percent calcium lignosulfonate along with 4 percent waste engine oil has the best performance at low and medium temperatures, and considering the results of the creep test Dynamically (high temperature), the best percentage of calcium lignosulfonate use was 15%.  

      Abstract Risky driving behavior is an important cause of physical, psychological, and financial injuries and is a major threat to public health. The present study aims to investigate the effects of psychological-social-economic pressures on risky driving behavior with the mediating role of resilience. This was a cross sectional design study, in which 219 male drivers aged 18-60 years were recruited from Khorramabad using sampling technique. The Socioeconomic status (SES) Questionnaire, DASS 21, CD-RISC-10, and Road Traffic Behaviours Questionnaire, were used. The analyses were performed using IBM    version 27 and SmartPLS 4 software. The model fit indices were good, SRMR = 0.05 and NFI = 95. The results obtained from structural equation modeling show a significant effect of socioeconomic status on risky driving behaviors (?=-0.199; T=3.04; P<.004), psychological status on risky driving behaviors (?=0.791; T=11.81; P<.001), psychological status on resilience (?=-0.255; T=2.26; P=.024), resilience on risky driving behaviors (?=-0.114; T=2.14; P<.033), and the non-significance of the effect of socioeconomic status on resilience (?=0.068; T=0.601; P=539) in the framework of the conceptual model of the present study.The findings of this study showed that resilience is a critical mechanism for improving residents’ sense of public health safety in drivers in Iran. Some certain guidance measures are provided to reduce public anxiety and fear while driving. Keywords